Share - WeChat

中共中央關(guān)于進(jìn)一步全面深化改革推進(jìn)中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化的決定

Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Deepening Reform Comprehensively to Advance Chinese Modernization

（2024年7月18日中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨第二十屆中央委員會(huì)第三次全體會(huì)議通過(guò)）

(Adopted at the third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on July 18, 2024)

為貫徹落實(shí)黨的二十大作出的戰(zhàn)略部署，二十屆中央委員會(huì)第三次全體會(huì)議研究了進(jìn)一步全面深化改革、推進(jìn)中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化問(wèn)題，作出如下決定。

In order to implement the strategic plans made at the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the 20th CPC Central Committee studied the issue of further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese modernization at its third plenary session. On this basis, it adopted this resolution.

一、進(jìn)一步全面深化改革、推進(jìn)中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化的重大意義和總體要求

I. Great Significance and Overall Requirements

（1）進(jìn)一步全面深化改革的重要性和必要性。改革開(kāi)放是黨和人民事業(yè)大踏步趕上時(shí)代的重要法寶。黨的十一屆三中全會(huì)是劃時(shí)代的，開(kāi)啟了改革開(kāi)放和社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)新時(shí)期。黨的十八屆三中全會(huì)也是劃時(shí)代的，開(kāi)啟了新時(shí)代全面深化改革、系統(tǒng)整體設(shè)計(jì)推進(jìn)改革新征程，開(kāi)創(chuàng)了我國(guó)改革開(kāi)放全新局面。

(1) Importance and necessity

Reform and opening up have been crucial to the cause of the Party and the people, enabling us to catch up with the times in great strides. The third plenary session of the 11th CPC Central Committee was a landmark event that ushered in a new period: one of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization. The third plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was also of epoch-making significance. It marked the start of a new journey of comprehensively deepening reform in the new era with systematic and holistic plans, thus paving the way for a brand new stage in China’s reform and opening up endeavors.

以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央團(tuán)結(jié)帶領(lǐng)全黨全軍全國(guó)各族人民，以偉大的歷史主動(dòng)、巨大的政治勇氣、強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)任擔(dān)當(dāng)，沖破思想觀念束縛，突破利益固化藩籬，敢于突進(jìn)深水區(qū)，敢于啃硬骨頭，敢于涉險(xiǎn)灘，堅(jiān)決破除各方面體制機(jī)制弊端，實(shí)現(xiàn)改革由局部探索、破冰突圍到系統(tǒng)集成、全面深化的轉(zhuǎn)變，各領(lǐng)域基礎(chǔ)性制度框架基本建立，許多領(lǐng)域?qū)崿F(xiàn)歷史性變革、系統(tǒng)性重塑、整體性重構(gòu)，總體完成黨的十八屆三中全會(huì)確定的改革任務(wù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)到黨成立一百周年時(shí)各方面制度更加成熟更加定型取得明顯成效的目標(biāo)，為全面建成小康社會(huì)、實(shí)現(xiàn)黨的第一個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)提供有力制度保障，推動(dòng)我國(guó)邁上全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家新征程。

The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has, with great historical initiative, tremendous political courage, and a strong sense of mission, united and led the entire Party, the military, and Chinese people of all ethnic groups in unshackling their thinking and breaking down the barriers erected by vested interests. We have dared to brave uncharted waters, grapple with tough problems, and navigate potential dangers and have worked resolutely to remove institutional obstacles in all areas. As a result, reform has evolved from a variety of trials and breakthroughs limited to certain areas into an integrated drive being advanced across the board. Foundational institutional frameworks have been basically put in place in all sectors, and historic, systemic, and holistic transformations have been achieved in many fields. Overall, we have accomplished the reform tasks set at the third plenary session of the 18th Central Committee and attained our objective of achieving marked results in making all institutions more mature and better-defined by the time of the Party’s centennial in 2021. All this has provided strong institutional support for completing the First Centenary Goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and set China on a new journey toward building a modern socialist country in all respects.

當(dāng)前和今后一個(gè)時(shí)期是以中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化全面推進(jìn)強(qiáng)國(guó)建設(shè)、民族復(fù)興偉業(yè)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期。中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化是在改革開(kāi)放中不斷推進(jìn)的，也必將在改革開(kāi)放中開(kāi)辟?gòu)V闊前景。面對(duì)紛繁復(fù)雜的國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)形勢(shì)，面對(duì)新一輪科技革命和產(chǎn)業(yè)變革，面對(duì)人民群眾新期待，必須繼續(xù)把改革推向前進(jìn)。這是堅(jiān)持和完善中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度、推進(jìn)國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化的必然要求，是貫徹新發(fā)展理念、更好適應(yīng)我國(guó)社會(huì)主要矛盾變化的必然要求，是堅(jiān)持以人民為中心、讓現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)成果更多更公平惠及全體人民的必然要求，是應(yīng)對(duì)重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)挑戰(zhàn)、推動(dòng)黨和國(guó)家事業(yè)行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)的必然要求，是推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體、在百年變局加速演進(jìn)中贏得戰(zhàn)略主動(dòng)的必然要求，是深入推進(jìn)新時(shí)代黨的建設(shè)新的偉大工程、建設(shè)更加堅(jiān)強(qiáng)有力的馬克思主義政黨的必然要求。改革開(kāi)放只有進(jìn)行時(shí)，沒(méi)有完成時(shí)。全黨必須自覺(jué)把改革擺在更加突出位置，緊緊圍繞推進(jìn)中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)一步全面深化改革。

The present and the near future constitute a critical period for our endeavor to build a great country and move toward national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese modernization. As Chinese modernization has been advanced continuously through reform and opening up, it will surely embrace broader horizons through further reform and opening up. To deal with complex developments both at home and abroad, adapt to the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, and live up to the new expectations of our people, it is vital that we continue to advance reform. Advancing reform is essential for upholding and improving the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and modernizing China’s system and capacity for governance, for putting the new development philosophy into practice and better adapting to the evolution in the principal contradiction in Chinese society, and for adhering to a people-centered approach to see that the gains of modernization benefit all our people fairly. It is also crucial for responding to major risks and challenges and ensuring steady and sustained progress in the cause of the Party and the country, for promoting the development of a human community with a shared future and winning the strategic initiative amid accelerating global changes of a like not seen in a century, and for further advancing the great new project of Party building in the new era and making our Marxist party stronger. Reform and opening up are an ongoing endeavor rather than a task to be completed. All of us in the Party must consciously give more prominence to reform and further deepen reform comprehensively with a view to advancing Chinese modernization.

（2）進(jìn)一步全面深化改革的指導(dǎo)思想。堅(jiān)持馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個(gè)代表”重要思想、科學(xué)發(fā)展觀，全面貫徹習(xí)近平新時(shí)代中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義思想，深入學(xué)習(xí)貫徹習(xí)近平總書(shū)記關(guān)于全面深化改革的一系列新思想、新觀點(diǎn)、新論斷，完整準(zhǔn)確全面貫徹新發(fā)展理念，堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)工作總基調(diào)，堅(jiān)持解放思想、實(shí)事求是、與時(shí)俱進(jìn)、求真務(wù)實(shí)，進(jìn)一步解放和發(fā)展社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力、激發(fā)和增強(qiáng)社會(huì)活力，統(tǒng)籌國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際兩個(gè)大局，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)“五位一體”總體布局，協(xié)調(diào)推進(jìn)“四個(gè)全面”戰(zhàn)略布局，以經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革為牽引，以促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平正義、增進(jìn)人民福祉為出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)，更加注重系統(tǒng)集成，更加注重突出重點(diǎn)，更加注重改革實(shí)效，推動(dòng)生產(chǎn)關(guān)系和生產(chǎn)力、上層建筑和經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)、國(guó)家治理和社會(huì)發(fā)展更好相適應(yīng)，為中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化提供強(qiáng)大動(dòng)力和制度保障。

(2) Guiding philosophy

We must stay committed to Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development and fully implement Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must thoroughly study and implement General Secretary Xi Jinping’s new ideas, viewpoints, and conclusions on comprehensively deepening reform and fully and faithfully apply the new development philosophy on all fronts. We must adhere to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability and continue to free our minds, seek truth from facts, move with the times, and take a realistic and pragmatic approach, as we work to further unleash and develop the productive forces and tap into and boost the vitality of our society. Keeping in mind both domestic and international imperatives, we will ensure coordinated implementation of the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-Pronged Comprehensive Strategy. Regarding economic structural reform as the spearhead and greater social fairness and justice and increased wellbeing of the people as our ultimate objectives, we will channel greater energy into making our reforms integrated, focused, and effective. We will work to better adapt the relations of production to the productive forces, the superstructure to the economic base, and national governance to social development so as to provide strong impetus and institutional support for Chinese modernization.

（3）進(jìn)一步全面深化改革的總目標(biāo)。繼續(xù)完善和發(fā)展中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度，推進(jìn)國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化。到二〇三五年，全面建成高水平社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度更加完善，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化，為到本世紀(jì)中葉全面建成社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國(guó)奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。

(3) Overall objectives

We will continue to improve and develop the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and modernize China’s system and capacity for governance. By 2035, we will have finished building a high-standard socialist market economy in all respects, further improved the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics, generally modernized our system and capacity for governance, and basically realized socialist modernization. All of this will lay a solid foundation for building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects by the middle of this century. In particular, we will focus on achieving the following objectives:

——聚焦構(gòu)建高水平社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制，充分發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)在資源配置中的決定性作用，更好發(fā)揮政府作用，堅(jiān)持和完善社會(huì)主義基本經(jīng)濟(jì)制度，推進(jìn)高水平科技自立自強(qiáng)，推進(jìn)高水平對(duì)外開(kāi)放，建成現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)體系，加快構(gòu)建新發(fā)展格局，推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。

—Building a high-standard socialist market economy. We will see that the market plays the decisive role in resource allocation and that the government better fulfills its role. We will uphold and improve China’s basic socialist economic systems, achieve greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology, and promote high-standard opening up. We will build a modernized economy, move faster to create a new pattern of development, and promote high-quality development.

——聚焦發(fā)展全過(guò)程人民民主，堅(jiān)持黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、人民當(dāng)家作主、依法治國(guó)有機(jī)統(tǒng)一，推動(dòng)人民當(dāng)家作主制度更加健全、協(xié)商民主廣泛多層制度化發(fā)展、中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義法治體系更加完善，社會(huì)主義法治國(guó)家建設(shè)達(dá)到更高水平。

—Advancing whole-process people’s democracy. We will uphold the unity between leadership by the Party, the running of the country by the people, and law-based governance. We will improve the institutions through which the people run the country, promote extensive, multilevel, and institutionalized development of consultative democracy, and refine the system of socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics. We will move to a higher stage in building a socialist country under the rule of law.

——聚焦建設(shè)社會(huì)主義文化強(qiáng)國(guó)，堅(jiān)持馬克思主義在意識(shí)形態(tài)領(lǐng)域指導(dǎo)地位的根本制度，健全文化事業(yè)、文化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展體制機(jī)制，推動(dòng)文化繁榮，豐富人民精神文化生活，提升國(guó)家文化軟實(shí)力和中華文化影響力。

—Developing a strong socialist culture in China. We will uphold the foundational system for ensuring the guiding role of Marxism in the ideological domain and improve the institutions and mechanisms for developing cultural programs and industries. We will promote cultural prosperity, enrich the intellectual and cultural lives of our people, and enhance China’s cultural soft power and the appeal of Chinese culture.

——聚焦提高人民生活品質(zhì)，完善收入分配和就業(yè)制度，健全社會(huì)保障體系，增強(qiáng)基本公共服務(wù)均衡性和可及性，推動(dòng)人的全面發(fā)展、全體人民共同富裕取得更為明顯的實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)展。

—Improving the people’s quality of life. We will refine the income distribution, employment, and social security systems, make basic public services more balanced and accessible, and facilitate more notable, substantive progress in promoting people’s well-rounded development and common prosperity for all.

——聚焦建設(shè)美麗中國(guó)，加快經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展全面綠色轉(zhuǎn)型，健全生態(tài)環(huán)境治理體系，推進(jìn)生態(tài)優(yōu)先、節(jié)約集約、綠色低碳發(fā)展，促進(jìn)人與自然和諧共生。

—Building a Beautiful China. We will ramp up the green transition in all areas of economic and social development and improve the environmental governance system. We will prioritize ecological protection, conserve resources and use them efficiently, and pursue green and low-carbon development, with a view to promoting harmony between humanity and nature.

——聚焦建設(shè)更高水平平安中國(guó)，健全國(guó)家安全體系，強(qiáng)化一體化國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略體系，增強(qiáng)維護(hù)國(guó)家安全能力，創(chuàng)新社會(huì)治理體制機(jī)制和手段，有效構(gòu)建新安全格局。

—Advancing the Peaceful China Initiative to a higher level. We will strengthen the national security system, enhance integration between national strategies, and improve our capacity to safeguard national security. We will create new institutions, mechanisms, and methods for social governance and build a new security architecture.

——聚焦提高黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平和長(zhǎng)期執(zhí)政能力，創(chuàng)新和改進(jìn)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)方式和執(zhí)政方式，深化黨的建設(shè)制度改革，健全全面從嚴(yán)治黨體系。

—Improving the Party’s capacity for leadership and long-term governance. We will develop new and improved ways of exercising leadership and governance, deepen institutional reforms related to Party building, and improve the system for exercising full and rigorous Party self-governance.

到二〇二九年中華人民共和國(guó)成立八十周年時(shí)，完成本決定提出的改革任務(wù)。

The reform tasks laid out in this resolution shall be completed by the time the People’s Republic of China celebrates its 80th anniversary in 2029.

（4）進(jìn)一步全面深化改革的原則。總結(jié)和運(yùn)用改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)特別是新時(shí)代全面深化改革的寶貴經(jīng)驗(yàn)，貫徹以下原則：堅(jiān)持黨的全面領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，堅(jiān)定維護(hù)黨中央權(quán)威和集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，發(fā)揮黨總攬全局、協(xié)調(diào)各方的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心作用，把黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)貫穿改革各方面全過(guò)程，確保改革始終沿著正確政治方向前進(jìn)；堅(jiān)持以人民為中心，尊重人民主體地位和首創(chuàng)精神，人民有所呼、改革有所應(yīng)，做到改革為了人民、改革依靠人民、改革成果由人民共享；堅(jiān)持守正創(chuàng)新，堅(jiān)持中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義不動(dòng)搖，緊跟時(shí)代步伐，順應(yīng)實(shí)踐發(fā)展，突出問(wèn)題導(dǎo)向，在新的起點(diǎn)上推進(jìn)理論創(chuàng)新、實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新、制度創(chuàng)新、文化創(chuàng)新以及其他各方面創(chuàng)新；堅(jiān)持以制度建設(shè)為主線，加強(qiáng)頂層設(shè)計(jì)、總體謀劃，破立并舉、先立后破，筑牢根本制度，完善基本制度，創(chuàng)新重要制度；堅(jiān)持全面依法治國(guó)，在法治軌道上深化改革、推進(jìn)中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化，做到改革和法治相統(tǒng)一，重大改革于法有據(jù)、及時(shí)把改革成果上升為法律制度；堅(jiān)持系統(tǒng)觀念，處理好經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)、政府和市場(chǎng)、效率和公平、活力和秩序、發(fā)展和安全等重大關(guān)系，增強(qiáng)改革系統(tǒng)性、整體性、協(xié)同性。

(4) Guiding principles

On the basis of reviewing and applying the valuable experience we have gained since the launch of reform and opening up, particularly from our endeavor to comprehensively deepen reform in the new era, we will implement the following principles:

Upholding the Party’s overall leadership. We must firmly uphold the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership and ensure that the Party fulfills its core role of exercising overall leadership and coordinating the efforts of all sides. We must ensure that Party leadership is exercised in every aspect and throughout the entire process of reform so that it always advances in the correct political direction.

Adhering to a people-centered approach. We must respect the principal position and pioneering spirit of the people and make our reform measures highly responsive to the call of the people, so as to ensure that reform is for the people and by the people and that its fruits are shared among the people.

Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground. Staying committed to socialism with Chinese characteristics, we must keep pace with the times, adapt to the evolution of practice, and take a problem-oriented approach, so that from a new starting point, we can promote innovations in theory and practice, in our institutions and culture, and in all other aspects.

Strengthening institutional building as our main task. We must strengthen top-level design and overall planning, always establishing new systems before abolishing old ones while attaching equal importance to efforts in both respects. We must consolidate foundational systems, refine basic systems, and innovate important systems.

Staying committed to law-based governance on all fronts. We must deepen reform and advance Chinese modernization under the rule of law and ensure unity between reform and the rule of law, seeing that all major reforms have a solid legal basis and that reform achievements are elevated to law in a timely manner.

Applying systems thinking. We must properly handle the major relationships between the economy and society, between the government and the market, between efficiency and fairness, between vitality and order, and between development and security, thus pursuing reform in a more systematic, holistic, and coordinated manner.

二、構(gòu)建高水平社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制

II. Building a High-Standard Socialist Market Economy

高水平社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制是中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化的重要保障。必須更好發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)機(jī)制作用，創(chuàng)造更加公平、更有活力的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境，實(shí)現(xiàn)資源配置效率最優(yōu)化和效益最大化，既“放得活”又“管得住”，更好維護(hù)市場(chǎng)秩序、彌補(bǔ)市場(chǎng)失靈，暢通國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)循環(huán)，激發(fā)全社會(huì)內(nèi)生動(dòng)力和創(chuàng)新活力。

A high-standard socialist market economy provides an important guarantee for Chinese modernization. We must better leverage the role of the market, foster a fairer and more dynamic market environment, and make resource allocation as efficient and productive as possible. We need to lift restrictions on the market while ensuring effective regulation and strive to better maintain order in the market and remedy market failures. By doing so, we will ensure smooth flows in the national economy and unleash the internal driving forces and creativity of the whole of society.

（5）堅(jiān)持和落實(shí)“兩個(gè)毫不動(dòng)搖”。毫不動(dòng)搖鞏固和發(fā)展公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，毫不動(dòng)搖鼓勵(lì)、支持、引導(dǎo)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，保證各種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)依法平等使用生產(chǎn)要素、公平參與市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、同等受到法律保護(hù)，促進(jìn)各種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)、共同發(fā)展。

(5) Upholding and fulfilling the commitments to the public and non-public sectors

We will stay committed to unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector and unswervingly encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public sector. We will ensure that economic entities under all forms of ownership have equal access to factors of production in accordance with the law, compete in the market on an equal footing, and are protected by the law as equals, thus enabling them to complement each other and develop side by side.

深化國(guó)資國(guó)企改革，完善管理監(jiān)督體制機(jī)制，增強(qiáng)各有關(guān)管理部門戰(zhàn)略協(xié)同，推進(jìn)國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)布局優(yōu)化和結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，推動(dòng)國(guó)有資本和國(guó)有企業(yè)做強(qiáng)做優(yōu)做大，增強(qiáng)核心功能，提升核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。進(jìn)一步明晰不同類型國(guó)有企業(yè)功能定位，完善主責(zé)主業(yè)管理，明確國(guó)有資本重點(diǎn)投資領(lǐng)域和方向。推動(dòng)國(guó)有資本向關(guān)系國(guó)家安全、國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈的重要行業(yè)和關(guān)鍵領(lǐng)域集中，向關(guān)系國(guó)計(jì)民生的公共服務(wù)、應(yīng)急能力、公益性領(lǐng)域等集中，向前瞻性戰(zhàn)略性新興產(chǎn)業(yè)集中。健全國(guó)有企業(yè)推進(jìn)原始創(chuàng)新制度安排。深化國(guó)有資本投資、運(yùn)營(yíng)公司改革。建立國(guó)有企業(yè)履行戰(zhàn)略使命評(píng)價(jià)制度，完善國(guó)有企業(yè)分類考核評(píng)價(jià)體系，開(kāi)展國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)增加值核算。推進(jìn)能源、鐵路、電信、水利、公用事業(yè)等行業(yè)自然壟斷環(huán)節(jié)獨(dú)立運(yùn)營(yíng)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性環(huán)節(jié)市場(chǎng)化改革，健全監(jiān)管體制機(jī)制。

We will deepen reform of state capital and state-owned enterprises (SOEs), improving the institutions and mechanisms for management and oversight, strengthening strategic coordination between relevant administrative departments, and working to refine the layout of the state-owned sector and adjust its structure. All this will help state capital and SOEs get stronger, do better, and grow bigger, with their core functions and core competitiveness enhanced. We will clearly define the functions of different types of SOEs, improve the management of their primary responsibilities and core business, and identify the key areas and orientations for state capital investment. State capital will be steered toward major industries and key fields that are vital to national security and serve as the lifeblood of the national economy, toward sectors such as public services, emergency response, and public welfare, which concern our country’s prosperity and our people’s wellbeing, and toward forward-looking and strategic emerging industries. The institutional framework under which SOEs pursue original innovation will be improved, and the reform of state capital investment and operation companies will be continued. We will establish a system to assess SOEs’ performance in fulfilling their strategic missions, refine the category-based SOE evaluation system, and introduce value-added accounting in the state-owned sector. While promoting independent operation of natural monopoly businesses in sectors such as energy, railway, telecommunications, water conservancy, and public utilities, we will advance market-oriented reforms in the competitive areas of these sectors and improve regulatory institutions and mechanisms.

堅(jiān)持致力于為非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?fàn)I造良好環(huán)境和提供更多機(jī)會(huì)的方針政策。制定民營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)促進(jìn)法。深入破除市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入壁壘，推進(jìn)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性領(lǐng)域向經(jīng)營(yíng)主體公平開(kāi)放，完善民營(yíng)企業(yè)參與國(guó)家重大項(xiàng)目建設(shè)長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制。支持有能力的民營(yíng)企業(yè)牽頭承擔(dān)國(guó)家重大技術(shù)攻關(guān)任務(wù)，向民營(yíng)企業(yè)進(jìn)一步開(kāi)放國(guó)家重大科研基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。完善民營(yíng)企業(yè)融資支持政策制度，破解融資難、融資貴問(wèn)題。健全涉企收費(fèi)長(zhǎng)效監(jiān)管和拖欠企業(yè)賬款清償法律法規(guī)體系。加快建立民營(yíng)企業(yè)信用狀況綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系，健全民營(yíng)中小企業(yè)增信制度。支持引導(dǎo)民營(yíng)企業(yè)完善治理結(jié)構(gòu)和管理制度，加強(qiáng)企業(yè)合規(guī)建設(shè)和廉潔風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防控。加強(qiáng)事中事后監(jiān)管，規(guī)范涉民營(yíng)企業(yè)行政檢查。

We will continue to implement principles and policies that help foster a favorable environment and create more opportunities for the development of the non-public sector. We will formulate a private sector promotion law. We will do more to remove barriers to market access, work to see that the competitive areas of infrastructure are open to market entities in a fair manner, and improve the long-term mechanism by which private enterprises participate in major national projects. We will support capable private enterprises in leading national initiatives to make breakthroughs in major technologies and provide private enterprises with greater access to major national scientific research infrastructure. We will refine financing support policies and systems for private enterprises to resolve the difficulties they face in accessing affordable financing. We will improve the legal framework for the long-term regulation of charges levied on enterprises and for clearing overdue payments owed to them. We will move faster to set up a system for comprehensively evaluating private enterprises’ credit status and refine the credit enhancement system for small and medium private enterprises. We will support and guide private enterprises in improving their governance structures and management systems, building up compliance capacity, and better preventing corruption-related risks. We will strengthen ongoing and ex post oversight and regulate administrative inspections on private enterprises.

完善中國(guó)特色現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度，弘揚(yáng)企業(yè)家精神，支持和引導(dǎo)各類企業(yè)提高資源要素利用效率和經(jīng)營(yíng)管理水平、履行社會(huì)責(zé)任，加快建設(shè)更多世界一流企業(yè)。

We will refine the modern corporate system with distinctive Chinese features and promote entrepreneurial spirit. We will support and guide enterprises of all types as they work to use resources and production factors more efficiently, improve their operation and management, and fulfill their social responsibilities. Efforts will be accelerated to foster a greater number of world-class enterprises.

（6）構(gòu)建全國(guó)統(tǒng)一大市場(chǎng)。推動(dòng)市場(chǎng)基礎(chǔ)制度規(guī)則統(tǒng)一、市場(chǎng)監(jiān)管公平統(tǒng)一、市場(chǎng)設(shè)施高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)聯(lián)通。加強(qiáng)公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)審查剛性約束，強(qiáng)化反壟斷和反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，清理和廢除妨礙全國(guó)統(tǒng)一市場(chǎng)和公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的各種規(guī)定和做法。規(guī)范地方招商引資法規(guī)制度，嚴(yán)禁違法違規(guī)給予政策優(yōu)惠行為。建立健全統(tǒng)一規(guī)范、信息共享的招標(biāo)投標(biāo)和政府、事業(yè)單位、國(guó)有企業(yè)采購(gòu)等公共資源交易平臺(tái)體系，實(shí)現(xiàn)項(xiàng)目全流程公開(kāi)管理。提升市場(chǎng)綜合監(jiān)管能力和水平。健全國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系，深化地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管理制度改革。

(6) Building a unified national market

We will work to see that the underlying institutions and rules of the market are unified, that market regulation is exercised in an impartial and unified manner, and that connectivity between market facilities is built to high standards. We will enhance the binding force of fair competition review, take stronger action against monopolies and unfair competition, and review and abolish regulations and practices that impede the development of a unified national market and fair competition. We will bring local regulations and institutions for attracting investment under regulation and strictly prohibit policy incentives in breach of laws and regulations. We will establish sound, unified, and well-regulated public resource trading platforms that facilitate information sharing. Such platforms will cover public bidding as well as procurement by the government, public institutions, and SOEs and ensure full transparency throughout the project management process. Overall market regulation capabilities will be enhanced. We will refine the national system of standards and deepen reform of local systems for standards management.

完善要素市場(chǎng)制度和規(guī)則，推動(dòng)生產(chǎn)要素暢通流動(dòng)、各類資源高效配置、市場(chǎng)潛力充分釋放。構(gòu)建城鄉(xiāng)統(tǒng)一的建設(shè)用地市場(chǎng)。完善促進(jìn)資本市場(chǎng)規(guī)范發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)制度。培育全國(guó)一體化技術(shù)和數(shù)據(jù)市場(chǎng)。完善主要由市場(chǎng)供求關(guān)系決定要素價(jià)格機(jī)制，防止政府對(duì)價(jià)格形成的不當(dāng)干預(yù)。健全勞動(dòng)、資本、土地、知識(shí)、技術(shù)、管理、數(shù)據(jù)等生產(chǎn)要素由市場(chǎng)評(píng)價(jià)貢獻(xiàn)、按貢獻(xiàn)決定報(bào)酬的機(jī)制。推進(jìn)水、能源、交通等領(lǐng)域價(jià)格改革，優(yōu)化居民階梯水價(jià)、電價(jià)、氣價(jià)制度，完善成品油定價(jià)機(jī)制。

The institutions and rules for production factor markets will be improved to facilitate the smooth flow of production factors, the efficient allocation of all types of resources, and the full realization of market potential. We will develop a unified market for urban and rural land designated for construction. We will refine the underlying systems for promoting well-regulated development of the capital market and foster an integrated national market for technology and data. By refining the mechanisms whereby production factors are priced primarily based on market supply and demand, we will prevent improper government interference in pricing. We will also develop better mechanisms to ensure the contributions of production factors, such as labor, capital, land, knowledge, technology, management, and data, are determined by the market and rewarded accordingly. Pricing reforms will be continued in sectors such as water, energy, and transportation, and the tiered pricing mechanisms for household water, electricity, and natural gas consumption will be improved, as will the pricing mechanism for refined petroleum products.

完善流通體制，加快發(fā)展物聯(lián)網(wǎng)，健全一體銜接的流通規(guī)則和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，降低全社會(huì)物流成本。深化能源管理體制改革，建設(shè)全國(guó)統(tǒng)一電力市場(chǎng)，優(yōu)化油氣管網(wǎng)運(yùn)行調(diào)度機(jī)制。

We will improve the commodity distribution system, speed up the development of the Internet of Things, and further refine the integrated framework of distribution rules and standards to cut logistics costs throughout society. We will deepen reform of the energy management system, build a unified national electricity market, and improve the operation and coordination mechanisms for oil and gas pipelines.

加快培育完整內(nèi)需體系，建立政府投資支持基礎(chǔ)性、公益性、長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)性重大項(xiàng)目建設(shè)長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制，健全政府投資有效帶動(dòng)社會(huì)投資體制機(jī)制，深化投資審批制度改革，完善激發(fā)社會(huì)資本投資活力和促進(jìn)投資落地機(jī)制，形成市場(chǎng)主導(dǎo)的有效投資內(nèi)生增長(zhǎng)機(jī)制。完善擴(kuò)大消費(fèi)長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制，減少限制性措施，合理增加公共消費(fèi)，積極推進(jìn)首發(fā)經(jīng)濟(jì)。

We will step up efforts to develop a complete domestic demand system. To this end, we will set up long-term government investment mechanisms to support the development of major projects that are of fundamental and far-reaching importance and serve the public interest; refine the institutions and mechanisms that enable government investment to effectively drive nongovernmental investment; further reform the investment review and approval system; improve the mechanisms for stimulating and facilitating nongovernmental investment; and create a market-driven mechanism for ensuring self-sustaining growth of effective investment. We will refine long-term mechanisms for expanding consumption, reduce relevant restrictions, boost public spending as necessary, and actively promote the debut economy.

（7）完善市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)制度。完善產(chǎn)權(quán)制度，依法平等長(zhǎng)久保護(hù)各種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)權(quán)，建立高效的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)綜合管理體制。完善市場(chǎng)信息披露制度，構(gòu)建商業(yè)秘密保護(hù)制度。對(duì)侵犯各種所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)權(quán)和合法利益的行為實(shí)行同責(zé)同罪同罰，完善懲罰性賠償制度。加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)權(quán)執(zhí)法司法保護(hù)，防止和糾正利用行政、刑事手段干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)糾紛，健全依法甄別糾正涉企冤錯(cuò)案件機(jī)制。

(7) Refining the systems underpinning the market economy

We will improve the property rights system to ensure law-based, equitable protection of the property rights of economic entities under all forms of ownership on a long-term basis and establish an efficient system for the comprehensive management of intellectual property rights. We will refine the market information disclosure system and put in place a commercial secrets protection system. All economic entities, regardless of their form of ownership, will be treated as equals when their property rights and legal interests are infringed upon or they infringe upon the property rights and legal interests of others. We will also refine the punitive compensation system. We will work to bolster law enforcement and justice administration to protect property rights, prevent and rectify administrative and criminal interference in economic disputes, and refine the mechanisms for identifying and redressing wrongly adjudicated cases involving enterprises in accordance with the law.

完善市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入制度，優(yōu)化新業(yè)態(tài)新領(lǐng)域市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入環(huán)境。深化注冊(cè)資本認(rèn)繳登記制度改革，實(shí)行依法按期認(rèn)繳。健全企業(yè)破產(chǎn)機(jī)制，探索建立個(gè)人破產(chǎn)制度，推進(jìn)企業(yè)注銷配套改革，完善企業(yè)退出制度。健全社會(huì)信用體系和監(jiān)管制度。

We will refine the market access system to ensure greater accessibility for new forms of business and new sectors. We will deepen reform of the business registration system based on subscribed registered capital and ensure that subscriptions are paid on time as stipulated by law. We will refine the enterprise bankruptcy mechanism, explore the establishment of a bankruptcy system for individual persons, move ahead with integrated reforms concerning the deregistration of enterprises, and improve the market exit system. We will also improve the social credit system and related oversight institutions.

三、健全推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展體制機(jī)制

III. Promoting High-Quality Economic Development

高質(zhì)量發(fā)展是全面建設(shè)社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化國(guó)家的首要任務(wù)。必須以新發(fā)展理念引領(lǐng)改革，立足新發(fā)展階段，深化供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，完善推動(dòng)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展激勵(lì)約束機(jī)制，塑造發(fā)展新動(dòng)能新優(yōu)勢(shì)。

High-quality development is our primary task in building China into a modern socialist country in all respects. It is essential that we apply the new development philosophy to steer reform and ground our efforts in the new stage of development. We must deepen supply-side structural reform, improve incentive and constraint mechanisms for promoting high-quality development, and strive to create new growth drivers and strengths.

（8）健全因地制宜發(fā)展新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力體制機(jī)制。推動(dòng)技術(shù)革命性突破、生產(chǎn)要素創(chuàng)新性配置、產(chǎn)業(yè)深度轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)，推動(dòng)勞動(dòng)者、勞動(dòng)資料、勞動(dòng)對(duì)象優(yōu)化組合和更新躍升，催生新產(chǎn)業(yè)、新模式、新動(dòng)能，發(fā)展以高技術(shù)、高效能、高質(zhì)量為特征的生產(chǎn)力。加強(qiáng)關(guān)鍵共性技術(shù)、前沿引領(lǐng)技術(shù)、現(xiàn)代工程技術(shù)、顛覆性技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，加強(qiáng)新領(lǐng)域新賽道制度供給，建立未來(lái)產(chǎn)業(yè)投入增長(zhǎng)機(jī)制，完善推動(dòng)新一代信息技術(shù)、人工智能、航空航天、新能源、新材料、高端裝備、生物醫(yī)藥、量子科技等戰(zhàn)略性產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展政策和治理體系，引導(dǎo)新興產(chǎn)業(yè)健康有序發(fā)展。以國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提升引領(lǐng)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)化升級(jí)，支持企業(yè)用數(shù)智技術(shù)、綠色技術(shù)改造提升傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)。強(qiáng)化環(huán)保、安全等制度約束。

(8) Improving the institutions and mechanisms for fostering new quality productive forces in line with local conditions

We will work to facilitate revolutionary breakthroughs in technology, innovative allocation of production factors, in-depth industrial transformation and upgrading, and the optimal combination of laborers, means of labor, and subjects of labor as well as their renewal and upgrading. All this will give rise to new industries, new business models, and new growth drivers and promote the development of productive forces that are characterized by high technology, high performance, and high quality. A stronger push will be made to pursue innovation in key generic technologies, cutting-edge technologies, modern engineering technologies, and disruptive technologies, and institutional supply will be boosted in new areas and arenas. We will establish a mechanism for ensuring funding increases for industries of the future, improve the policy and governance systems for promoting the development of strategic industries such as next-generation information technology, artificial intelligence, aviation and aerospace, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, biomedicine, and quantum technology, and steer emerging industries toward sound and orderly development. National standards will be elevated to guide the upgrading of traditional industries, and enterprises will also be encouraged to apply digital, intelligent, and green technologies to transform and upgrade these sectors. We will impose tighter institutional constraints for environmental protection and safety.

健全相關(guān)規(guī)則和政策，加快形成同新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力更相適應(yīng)的生產(chǎn)關(guān)系，促進(jìn)各類先進(jìn)生產(chǎn)要素向發(fā)展新質(zhì)生產(chǎn)力集聚，大幅提升全要素生產(chǎn)率。鼓勵(lì)和規(guī)范發(fā)展天使投資、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資、私募股權(quán)投資，更好發(fā)揮政府投資基金作用，發(fā)展耐心資本。

Relevant rules and policies will be improved to accelerate the formation of relations of production that are more compatible with new quality productive forces, and to channel various types of advanced production factors toward the development of new quality productive forces. These steps will help realize a significant increase in total factor productivity. We will encourage and regulate the development of angel investment, venture capital, and private equity investment, better leverage the role of government investment funds, and work to promote the development of patient capital.

（9）健全促進(jìn)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)和數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)深度融合制度。加快推進(jìn)新型工業(yè)化，培育壯大先進(jìn)制造業(yè)集群，推動(dòng)制造業(yè)高端化、智能化、綠色化發(fā)展。建設(shè)一批行業(yè)共性技術(shù)平臺(tái)，加快產(chǎn)業(yè)模式和企業(yè)組織形態(tài)變革，健全提升優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)先地位體制機(jī)制。優(yōu)化重大產(chǎn)業(yè)基金運(yùn)作和監(jiān)管機(jī)制，確保資金投向符合國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略要求。建立保持制造業(yè)合理比重投入機(jī)制，合理降低制造業(yè)綜合成本和稅費(fèi)負(fù)擔(dān)。

(9) Improving the systems for promoting full integration between the real economy and the digital economy

We will move faster to advance new industrialization, promote the growth and expansion of advanced manufacturing clusters, and make the manufacturing sector higher-end, smarter, and more eco-friendly. We will set up a number of industrial generic technology platforms, accelerate the transformation of industrial models and organizational forms of enterprises, and refine the institutions and mechanisms for enhancing our leading position in industries where we excel. We will establish better operation and oversight mechanisms for major industrial investment funds to ensure that capital is channeled toward our country’s strategic needs. We will put in place a funding mechanism to see that the share of manufacturing in the national economy remains at a desirable level. We will also realize a reasonable reduction in overall costs and tax and fee burdens in the manufacturing sector.

加快構(gòu)建促進(jìn)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展體制機(jī)制，完善促進(jìn)數(shù)字產(chǎn)業(yè)化和產(chǎn)業(yè)數(shù)字化政策體系。加快新一代信息技術(shù)全方位全鏈條普及應(yīng)用，發(fā)展工業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，打造具有國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的數(shù)字產(chǎn)業(yè)集群。促進(jìn)平臺(tái)經(jīng)濟(jì)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展，健全平臺(tái)經(jīng)濟(jì)常態(tài)化監(jiān)管制度。建設(shè)和運(yùn)營(yíng)國(guó)家數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，促進(jìn)數(shù)據(jù)共享。加快建立數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)權(quán)歸屬認(rèn)定、市場(chǎng)交易、權(quán)益分配、利益保護(hù)制度，提升數(shù)據(jù)安全治理監(jiān)管能力，建立高效便利安全的數(shù)據(jù)跨境流動(dòng)機(jī)制。

We will move faster to establish institutions and mechanisms for promoting the development of the digital economy and refine the policy system for developing the digital industry and transforming traditional industries with digital technologies. We will promote faster application of next-generation information technology at all stages and in all dimensions, develop the Industrial Internet, and build digital industry clusters with international competitiveness. We will push forward the innovative development of the platform economy while improving the system for its routine regulation. We will build and put into operation national data infrastructure to promote data sharing. We will work faster to set up a system for data property rights concerning ownership determination, market transaction, proceeds distribution, and interests protection. We will boost our governance and regulatory capabilities in relation to data security and put in place a mechanism to ensure efficient, convenient, and safe cross-border data flows.

（10）完善發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)體制機(jī)制。完善支持服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展政策體系，優(yōu)化服務(wù)業(yè)核算，推進(jìn)服務(wù)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè)。聚焦重點(diǎn)環(huán)節(jié)分領(lǐng)域推進(jìn)生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，發(fā)展產(chǎn)業(yè)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)，破除跨地區(qū)經(jīng)營(yíng)行政壁壘，推進(jìn)生產(chǎn)性服務(wù)業(yè)融合發(fā)展。健全加快生活性服務(wù)業(yè)多樣化發(fā)展機(jī)制。完善中介服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)法規(guī)制度體系，促進(jìn)中介服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)誠(chéng)實(shí)守信、依法履責(zé)。

(10) Refining the institutions and mechanisms for developing the service sector

We will refine the policy system for supporting the development of the service sector, improve financial accounting, and promote standardization in this sector. With a focus on key links, we will propel high-quality development of producer services on a sector-by-sector basis, invigorate industrial internet platforms, remove administrative barriers that impede trans-regional business operations, and promote the integrated development of producer services. The mechanisms for accelerating the diversified development of consumer services will be improved. We will refine the system of rules and regulations for intermediary service agencies to ensure that they operate in an honest and trustworthy way and fulfill their responsibilities in accordance with the law.

（11）健全現(xiàn)代化基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)體制機(jī)制。構(gòu)建新型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施規(guī)劃和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系，健全新型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施融合利用機(jī)制，推進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施數(shù)字化改造，拓寬多元化投融資渠道，健全重大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制。深化綜合交通運(yùn)輸體系改革，推進(jìn)鐵路體制改革，發(fā)展通用航空和低空經(jīng)濟(jì)，推動(dòng)收費(fèi)公路政策優(yōu)化。提高航運(yùn)保險(xiǎn)承保能力和全球服務(wù)水平，推進(jìn)海事仲裁制度規(guī)則創(chuàng)新。健全重大水利工程建設(shè)、運(yùn)行、管理機(jī)制。

(11) Improving the institutions and mechanisms for modernizing infrastructure

We will build a planning and standards system for new types of infrastructure and improve the mechanisms for integrated utilization of such infrastructure. We will advance the digitalization of traditional infrastructure, diversify investment and financing channels, and refine the coordination mechanisms for major infrastructure construction projects. We will further reform the integrated transportation system, advancing reform of the railway system, developing general aviation and the low-altitude economy, and optimizing the policy on toll highways. We will raise the underwriting capacity of shipping insurers, help them provide better global services, and introduce new systems and rules on the arbitration of marine affairs. We will improve the mechanisms for the construction, operation, and management of major water conservancy projects.

（12）健全提升產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈韌性和安全水平制度。抓緊打造自主可控的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈，健全強(qiáng)化集成電路、工業(yè)母機(jī)、醫(yī)療裝備、儀器儀表、基礎(chǔ)軟件、工業(yè)軟件、先進(jìn)材料等重點(diǎn)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈發(fā)展體制機(jī)制，全鏈條推進(jìn)技術(shù)攻關(guān)、成果應(yīng)用。建立產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估和應(yīng)對(duì)機(jī)制。完善產(chǎn)業(yè)在國(guó)內(nèi)梯度有序轉(zhuǎn)移的協(xié)作機(jī)制，推動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)出地和承接地利益共享。建設(shè)國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略腹地和關(guān)鍵產(chǎn)業(yè)備份。加快完善國(guó)家儲(chǔ)備體系。完善戰(zhàn)略性礦產(chǎn)資源探產(chǎn)供儲(chǔ)銷統(tǒng)籌和銜接體系。

(12) Improving the systems for enhancing the resilience and security of industrial and supply chains

We will move faster to build industrial and supply chains that are self-supporting and risk-controllable, improve the institutions and mechanisms for bolstering key industrial chains such as integrated circuits, industrial machine tools, medical equipment, instruments, basic software, industrial software, and advanced materials, and strive to secure more technological breakthroughs that can be applied across entire industrial and supply chains. A mechanism will be put in place to assess and respond to industrial and supply chain risks. We will improve the coordination mechanism for industries to be relocated domestically in a progressive and orderly manner and promote interest sharing between regions of origin and destination. We will develop China’s strategic hinterland and ensure backup plans for key industries. Accelerated moves will be made to improve the system for national reserves. We will refine the overall planning and linkage systems for the exploration, production, supply, storage, and sale of strategic mineral resources.

四、構(gòu)建支持全面創(chuàng)新體制機(jī)制

IV. Supporting All-Around Innovation

教育、科技、人才是中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化的基礎(chǔ)性、戰(zhàn)略性支撐。必須深入實(shí)施科教興國(guó)戰(zhàn)略、人才強(qiáng)國(guó)戰(zhàn)略、創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)教育科技人才體制機(jī)制一體改革，健全新型舉國(guó)體制，提升國(guó)家創(chuàng)新體系整體效能。

Education, science and technology, and talent function as basic and strategic underpinnings for Chinese modernization. We must fully implement the strategy of invigorating China through science and education, the strategy of developing a quality workforce, and the innovation-driven development strategy, make coordinated efforts to promote integrated reform of institutions and mechanisms pertaining to education, science and technology, and talent, and improve the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide, so as to boost the overall performance of our country’s innovation system.

（13）深化教育綜合改革。加快建設(shè)高質(zhì)量教育體系，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)育人方式、辦學(xué)模式、管理體制、保障機(jī)制改革。完善立德樹(shù)人機(jī)制，推進(jìn)大中小學(xué)思政課一體化改革創(chuàng)新，健全德智體美勞全面培養(yǎng)體系，提升教師教書(shū)育人能力，健全師德師風(fēng)建設(shè)長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制，深化教育評(píng)價(jià)改革。優(yōu)化高等教育布局，加快建設(shè)中國(guó)特色、世界一流的大學(xué)和優(yōu)勢(shì)學(xué)科。分類推進(jìn)高校改革，建立科技發(fā)展、國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略需求牽引的學(xué)科設(shè)置調(diào)整機(jī)制和人才培養(yǎng)模式，超常布局急需學(xué)科專業(yè)，加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科、新興學(xué)科、交叉學(xué)科建設(shè)和拔尖人才培養(yǎng)，著力加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新能力培養(yǎng)。完善高校科技創(chuàng)新機(jī)制，提高成果轉(zhuǎn)化效能。強(qiáng)化科技教育和人文教育協(xié)同。加快構(gòu)建職普融通、產(chǎn)教融合的職業(yè)教育體系。完善學(xué)生實(shí)習(xí)實(shí)踐制度。引導(dǎo)規(guī)范民辦教育發(fā)展。推進(jìn)高水平教育開(kāi)放，鼓勵(lì)國(guó)外高水平理工類大學(xué)來(lái)華合作辦學(xué)。

(13) Deepening comprehensive reform in education

We will work faster to build a high-quality education system and advance coordinated reforms in student training methods, school operation models, management systems, and support mechanisms. We will improve the mechanisms for fostering virtue through education, introduce integrated reforms and new approaches in the political education curriculum at all levels, from elementary school to university, and refine the systems for nurturing capable young people with sound moral grounding, intellectual ability, physical vigor, aesthetic sensibility, and work skills. We will increase the ability of teachers to impart knowledge and bring out the best in students and improve the long-term mechanisms for enhancing their professional integrity and conduct. In addition, we will further educational assessment reforms. We will improve the layout of higher education and work faster to develop world-class universities and strong disciplines with Chinese features. We will advance reforms of higher education institutions on a categorized basis and develop discipline adjustment mechanisms and talent training models to meet the needs of China’s scientific and technological development and national strategies. This will see us making extraordinary moves to plan for disciplines and majors that are in urgent demand. We will also redouble efforts to develop basic disciplines, emerging disciplines, and interdisciplinary subjects and work harder to cultivate top talent, with a strong emphasis on fostering innovative capacity. We will refine the mechanisms for facilitating scientific and technological innovation in universities and ensure more efficient application of advances. Scientific and technological education and humanities education will be better coordinated. We will work faster to build a vocational education system that is well-integrated with both general education and industry and improve the mechanisms for student internships and work experience. We will better guide and regulate the development of private schools. We will promote high-standard opening up in the education sector, and encourage first-rate foreign universities of science and engineering to develop partner schools and programs in China.

優(yōu)化區(qū)域教育資源配置，建立同人口變化相協(xié)調(diào)的基本公共教育服務(wù)供給機(jī)制。完善義務(wù)教育優(yōu)質(zhì)均衡推進(jìn)機(jī)制，探索逐步擴(kuò)大免費(fèi)教育范圍。健全學(xué)前教育和特殊教育、專門教育保障機(jī)制。推進(jìn)教育數(shù)字化，賦能學(xué)習(xí)型社會(huì)建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)終身教育保障。

With a view to optimizing the allocation of educational resources across regions, we will establish mechanisms for aligning the supply of basic public education services with demographic changes. We will improve the mechanisms for promoting high-quality, balanced development of compulsory education and explore avenues for gradually expanding the coverage of free education. The support mechanisms for preschool education, special needs education, and specialized education will be improved. We will also pursue the digitalization of education to facilitate the building of a learning society and provide greater support for lifelong education.

（14）深化科技體制改革。堅(jiān)持面向世界科技前沿、面向經(jīng)濟(jì)主戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)、面向國(guó)家重大需求、面向人民生命健康，優(yōu)化重大科技創(chuàng)新組織機(jī)制，統(tǒng)籌強(qiáng)化關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)攻關(guān)，推動(dòng)科技創(chuàng)新力量、要素配置、人才隊(duì)伍體系化、建制化、協(xié)同化。加強(qiáng)國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略科技力量建設(shè)，完善國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室體系，優(yōu)化國(guó)家科研機(jī)構(gòu)、高水平研究型大學(xué)、科技領(lǐng)軍企業(yè)定位和布局，推進(jìn)科技創(chuàng)新央地協(xié)同，統(tǒng)籌各類科創(chuàng)平臺(tái)建設(shè)，鼓勵(lì)和規(guī)范發(fā)展新型研發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)，發(fā)揮我國(guó)超大規(guī)模市場(chǎng)引領(lǐng)作用，加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新資源統(tǒng)籌和力量組織，推動(dòng)科技創(chuàng)新和產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新融合發(fā)展。構(gòu)建科技安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警和應(yīng)對(duì)體系，加強(qiáng)科技基礎(chǔ)條件自主保障。健全科技社團(tuán)管理制度。擴(kuò)大國(guó)際科技交流合作，鼓勵(lì)在華設(shè)立國(guó)際科技組織，優(yōu)化高校、科研院所、科技社團(tuán)對(duì)外專業(yè)交流合作管理機(jī)制。

(14) Deepening scientific and technological structural reform

Targeting the global frontiers of science and technology, the development of the economy, the major needs of the country, and the health and safety of our people, we will refine the mechanisms under which major scienti?c and technological innovation projects are organized in order to mount a concerted push for breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields. We will see that the development of innovative capabilities, allocation of innovation factors, and ranks of innovators become more systematic, well-organized, and coordinated. To boost China’s strength in strategic science and technology, we will refine the system of national laboratories and better define the roles and layout of our national research institutions, advanced-level research universities, and leading high-tech enterprises. We will promote closer collaboration between the central and local levels, work for coordinated development of technological innovation platforms of various kinds, and encourage and regulate the development of new types of R&D institutions. Giving play to the guiding role of China’s enormous market, we will see that innovation resources are more effectively allocated and that our innovative capabilities are better organized, with a view to promoting integrated advancements in technological and industrial innovation. We will establish risk monitoring, early warning, and response systems to safeguard science and technology security, and ensure self-sufficiency in scientific and technological infrastructure. The management system for science and technology-related social groups will be refined. We will expand international science and technology exchanges and cooperation, encourage the establishment of international science and technology organizations in China, and improve the management mechanisms whereby China’s universities, research institutes, and science and technology-related social groups engage in specialized exchanges and cooperation with their foreign counterparts.

改進(jìn)科技計(jì)劃管理，強(qiáng)化基礎(chǔ)研究領(lǐng)域、交叉前沿領(lǐng)域、重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域前瞻性、引領(lǐng)性布局。加強(qiáng)有組織的基礎(chǔ)研究，提高科技支出用于基礎(chǔ)研究比重，完善競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性支持和穩(wěn)定支持相結(jié)合的基礎(chǔ)研究投入機(jī)制，鼓勵(lì)有條件的地方、企業(yè)、社會(huì)組織、個(gè)人支持基礎(chǔ)研究，支持基礎(chǔ)研究選題多樣化，鼓勵(lì)開(kāi)展高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、高價(jià)值基礎(chǔ)研究。深化科技評(píng)價(jià)體系改革，加強(qiáng)科技倫理治理，嚴(yán)肅整治學(xué)術(shù)不端行為。

We will improve the management of science and technology plans to ensure that they are forward-looking and play a guiding role in basic research, interdisciplinary frontier areas, and key fields. We will see that basic research is conducted in a better organized way, raise the share of total science and technology expenditure that goes toward basic research, and improve the basic research investment mechanisms to ensure support on both a competitive and ongoing basis. Regions, enterprises, social organizations, and individuals with the resources to support basic research will be encouraged to do so. We will also support researchers in diversifying their subjects for study and encourage high-risk, high-reward basic research. We will advance reform of the science and technology evaluation system, ensure that ethical standards are adhered to, and rectify academic misconduct.

強(qiáng)化企業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新主體地位，建立培育壯大科技領(lǐng)軍企業(yè)機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)企業(yè)主導(dǎo)的產(chǎn)學(xué)研深度融合，建立企業(yè)研發(fā)準(zhǔn)備金制度，支持企業(yè)主動(dòng)牽頭或參與國(guó)家科技攻關(guān)任務(wù)。構(gòu)建促進(jìn)專精特新中小企業(yè)發(fā)展壯大機(jī)制。鼓勵(lì)科技型中小企業(yè)加大研發(fā)投入，提高研發(fā)費(fèi)用加計(jì)扣除比例。鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)高校、科研院所按照先使用后付費(fèi)方式把科技成果許可給中小微企業(yè)使用。

Reinforcing the principal role of enterprises in innovation, we will establish mechanisms for fostering leading high-tech enterprises and strengthen enterprise-led collaboration between industries, universities, and research institutes. We will set up a reserve fund system for corporate R&D and back enterprises that volunteer to lead or participate in major national science and technology programs. Mechanisms will be rolled out to promote the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that use specialized and sophisticated technologies to produce novel and unique products. To encourage sci-tech SMEs to boost their R&D spending, we will raise the rate of additional tax deductions for their R&D expenses. We will encourage and guide higher education institutions and research institutes in authorizing the use of their proprietary scientific and technological advances by micro, small, and medium enterprises on a “use first, pay later” basis.

完善中央財(cái)政科技經(jīng)費(fèi)分配和管理使用機(jī)制，健全中央財(cái)政科技計(jì)劃執(zhí)行和專業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)管理體制。擴(kuò)大財(cái)政科研項(xiàng)目經(jīng)費(fèi)“包干制”范圍，賦予科學(xué)家更大技術(shù)路線決定權(quán)、更大經(jīng)費(fèi)支配權(quán)、更大資源調(diào)度權(quán)。建立專家實(shí)名推薦的非共識(shí)項(xiàng)目篩選機(jī)制。允許科研類事業(yè)單位實(shí)行比一般事業(yè)單位更靈活的管理制度，探索實(shí)行企業(yè)化管理。

We will refine the mechanisms for allocation, management, and utilization of central government research funds and improve the institutions for the implementation of central government-funded science and technology programs and their management by specialized agencies. We will expand application of the contract system for government-funded research projects and grant scientists a greater say in deciding on technology roadmaps, spending funds, and allocating resources. We will establish a mechanism for adopting non-consensus projects based on real-name recommendations by experts. Public institutions engaged in scientific research will be allowed to implement a more flexible management system as compared to general public institutions, so that they can explore approaches to instituting corporate management.

深化科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)制改革，加強(qiáng)國(guó)家技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移體系建設(shè)，加快布局建設(shè)一批概念驗(yàn)證、中試驗(yàn)證平臺(tái)，完善首臺(tái)（套）、首批次、首版次應(yīng)用政策，加大政府采購(gòu)自主創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品力度。加強(qiáng)技術(shù)經(jīng)理人隊(duì)伍建設(shè)。

We will further reform the mechanisms for applying scientific and technological advances. We will enhance the national technology transfer system, move faster to plan and build a number of proof-of-concept and pilot-scale testing platforms, refine the policies for the initial application of newly-developed equipment, materials, and software, and increase government procurement of independently innovated products. The pool of technology managers will be expanded.

允許科技人員在科技成果轉(zhuǎn)化收益分配上有更大自主權(quán)，建立職務(wù)科技成果資產(chǎn)單列管理制度，深化職務(wù)科技成果賦權(quán)改革。深化高校、科研院所收入分配改革。允許更多符合條件的國(guó)有企業(yè)以創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)造為導(dǎo)向，在科研人員中開(kāi)展多種形式中長(zhǎng)期激勵(lì)。

Scientists and engineers will have a greater say in the distribution of gains from the transfer of their scientific and technological advances. We will establish a system to place scientific and technological outputs produced on the job under separate management and deepen reforms to grant researchers corresponding rights over these outputs. We will push ahead with the income distribution reform for universities and research institutes. A greater number of eligible SOEs will be permitted to provide diverse medium- and long-term incentives to encourage innovation and creativity among their research personnel.

構(gòu)建同科技創(chuàng)新相適應(yīng)的科技金融體制，加強(qiáng)對(duì)國(guó)家重大科技任務(wù)和科技型中小企業(yè)的金融支持，完善長(zhǎng)期資本投早、投小、投長(zhǎng)期、投硬科技的支持政策。健全重大技術(shù)攻關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分散機(jī)制，建立科技保險(xiǎn)政策體系。提高外資在華開(kāi)展股權(quán)投資、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資便利性。

We will develop a financial system for scienti?c and technological innovation to provide greater support for major national science and technology programs and sci-tech SMEs. We will refine policies for supporting the investment of long-term capital in projects at the early stages, in small enterprises, over long time horizons, and in advanced and core technologies. We will improve the mechanisms for spreading the risks associated with the development of major technologies and introduce a policy system for technology insurance. We will facilitate foreign equity investment and venture capital investment in China.

（15）深化人才發(fā)展體制機(jī)制改革。實(shí)施更加積極、更加開(kāi)放、更加有效的人才政策，完善人才自主培養(yǎng)機(jī)制，加快建設(shè)國(guó)家高水平人才高地和吸引集聚人才平臺(tái)。加快建設(shè)國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略人才力量，著力培養(yǎng)造就戰(zhàn)略科學(xué)家、一流科技領(lǐng)軍人才和創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)，著力培養(yǎng)造就卓越工程師、大國(guó)工匠、高技能人才，提高各類人才素質(zhì)。建設(shè)一流產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)工人隊(duì)伍。完善人才有序流動(dòng)機(jī)制，促進(jìn)人才區(qū)域合理布局，深化東中西部人才協(xié)作。完善青年創(chuàng)新人才發(fā)現(xiàn)、選拔、培養(yǎng)機(jī)制，更好保障青年科技人員待遇。健全保障科研人員專心科研制度。

(15) Deepening institutional reforms for talent development

Our policies on talent will become more proactive, open, and effective. To improve the mechanisms for nurturing talent here at home, we will work faster to develop national hubs for high-caliber personnel and platforms for attracting and pooling talent. We will step up efforts to build a contingent of personnel with expertise of strategic importance, with a focus on cultivating science strategists, top-notch scientists and innovation teams, outstanding engineers, master craftsmen, and highly-skilled workers, while also working to improve the performance of all types of talent. We will develop a first-rate industrial technical workforce. We will improve the mechanisms for enabling orderly flows of talent to promote a more rational distribution across regions and foster closer personnel collaboration between the eastern, central, and western regions. We will also enhance the mechanisms for identifying, selecting, and training young innovators and ensure better pay and benefits for our young scientists and engineers. Relevant systems will be refined to ensure that researchers can concentrate on research.

強(qiáng)化人才激勵(lì)機(jī)制，堅(jiān)持向用人主體授權(quán)、為人才松綁。建立以創(chuàng)新能力、質(zhì)量、實(shí)效、貢獻(xiàn)為導(dǎo)向的人才評(píng)價(jià)體系。打通高校、科研院所和企業(yè)人才交流通道。完善海外引進(jìn)人才支持保障機(jī)制，形成具有國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的人才制度體系。探索建立高技術(shù)人才移民制度。

We will enhance the incentive mechanisms for talent, granting more say to employers and creating a more accommodating environment for talent development. We will put in place a personnel assessment system based on innovation-related capability, performance, outcomes, and contributions. We will open up channels to enable flows of personnel between universities and research institutes on the one hand and enterprises on the other. We will improve the support mechanisms for recruiting talent from overseas and create internationally competitive personnel systems. We will also explore avenues for establishing an immigration system for highly-skilled personnel.

五、健全宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)治理體系

V. Improving Macroeconomic Governance

科學(xué)的宏觀調(diào)控、有效的政府治理是發(fā)揮社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制優(yōu)勢(shì)的內(nèi)在要求。必須完善宏觀調(diào)控制度體系，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)財(cái)稅、金融等重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域改革，增強(qiáng)宏觀政策取向一致性。

Sound macro regulation, along with effective governance by the government, is essential for ensuring that we can fully leverage the institutional strengths of our socialist market economy. It is, therefore, vital that we improve our macro regulation systems. We must pursue coordinated reforms in the fiscal, tax, financial, and other major sectors and work to enhance the consistency of macro policy orientation.

（16）完善國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃體系和政策統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制。構(gòu)建國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略制定和實(shí)施機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)國(guó)家重大戰(zhàn)略深度融合，增強(qiáng)國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略宏觀引導(dǎo)、統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)功能。健全國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃制度體系，強(qiáng)化規(guī)劃銜接落實(shí)機(jī)制，發(fā)揮國(guó)家發(fā)展規(guī)劃戰(zhàn)略導(dǎo)向作用，強(qiáng)化國(guó)土空間規(guī)劃基礎(chǔ)作用，增強(qiáng)專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃和區(qū)域規(guī)劃實(shí)施支撐作用。健全專家參與公共決策制度。

(16) Improving the national strategic planning system and policy coordination mechanisms

We will develop mechanisms for formulating and executing national strategies and make a stronger push to fully integrate all major strategies, so that they can provide better macro guidance and overall coordination. The systems for national economic and social development planning will be improved. This will see us enhancing the mechanisms for the alignment and implementation of plans, better harnessing the strategic guiding role of national development plans, bolstering the basic role of territorial space plans, and reinforcing the supporting role of subject-specific plans and regional plans. We will also improve the system by which experts participate in decision-making on public issues.

圍繞實(shí)施國(guó)家發(fā)展規(guī)劃、重大戰(zhàn)略促進(jìn)財(cái)政、貨幣、產(chǎn)業(yè)、價(jià)格、就業(yè)等政策協(xié)同發(fā)力，優(yōu)化各類增量資源配置和存量結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。探索實(shí)行國(guó)家宏觀資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表管理。把經(jīng)濟(jì)政策和非經(jīng)濟(jì)性政策都納入宏觀政策取向一致性評(píng)估。健全預(yù)期管理機(jī)制。健全支撐高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)核算體系，加強(qiáng)新經(jīng)濟(jì)新領(lǐng)域納統(tǒng)覆蓋。加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)業(yè)活動(dòng)單位統(tǒng)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)，優(yōu)化總部和分支機(jī)構(gòu)統(tǒng)計(jì)辦法，逐步推廣經(jīng)營(yíng)主體活動(dòng)發(fā)生地統(tǒng)計(jì)。健全國(guó)際宏觀政策協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制。

To promote the implementation of national development plans and major strategies, we will foster greater synergy between our fiscal, monetary, industrial, pricing, and employment policies, improving the allocation of newly acquired resources and adjusting the mix of existing resources. We will explore the introduction of national macro balance sheet management. Both economic and non-economic policies will be evaluated to ensure that they are consistent with the macro policy orientation. The expectations management mechanism will be improved. We will refine the statistical indicators accounting system to better support high-quality development, expanding the coverage of statistics to include more new forms of economy and new sectors. We will promote the development of statistical infrastructure for industrial entities, optimize statistical methods for both headquarters and branches, and gradually work toward compiling statistics based on the places where market entities conduct their business activities. Steps will be taken to improve the mechanisms for international coordination on macro policies.

（17）深化財(cái)稅體制改革。健全預(yù)算制度，加強(qiáng)財(cái)政資源和預(yù)算統(tǒng)籌，把依托行政權(quán)力、政府信用、國(guó)有資源資產(chǎn)獲取的收入全部納入政府預(yù)算管理。完善國(guó)有資本經(jīng)營(yíng)預(yù)算和績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)制度，強(qiáng)化國(guó)家重大戰(zhàn)略任務(wù)和基本民生財(cái)力保障。強(qiáng)化對(duì)預(yù)算編制和財(cái)政政策的宏觀指導(dǎo)。加強(qiáng)公共服務(wù)績(jī)效管理，強(qiáng)化事前功能評(píng)估。深化零基預(yù)算改革。統(tǒng)一預(yù)算分配權(quán)，提高預(yù)算管理統(tǒng)一性、規(guī)范性，完善預(yù)算公開(kāi)和監(jiān)督制度。完善權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制政府綜合財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告制度。

(17) Deepening reform of the fiscal and tax systems

We will further improve the budget system and strengthen unified management of all fiscal resources and budgets. All revenues generated on the basis of the exercise of administrative power, government credit, and state-owned resources and assets will be placed under government budget management. We will improve the budgeting and performance assessment systems for state capital operations and strengthen fiscal support for major national strategic tasks and basic public wellbeing. We will enhance macro guidance on budgeting and fiscal policies. We will strengthen performance management for public services, with a focus on conducting ex ante evaluations of their functions. Reforms for zero-based budgeting will be advanced. We will unify budget allocation powers, make budget management more unified and standardized, and take steps to boost budget transparency and enhance budget oversight. We will improve the system for comprehensive government financial reporting based on accrual accounting.

健全有利于高質(zhì)量發(fā)展、社會(huì)公平、市場(chǎng)統(tǒng)一的稅收制度，優(yōu)化稅制結(jié)構(gòu)。研究同新業(yè)態(tài)相適應(yīng)的稅收制度。全面落實(shí)稅收法定原則，規(guī)范稅收優(yōu)惠政策，完善對(duì)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)支持機(jī)制。健全直接稅體系，完善綜合和分類相結(jié)合的個(gè)人所得稅制度，規(guī)范經(jīng)營(yíng)所得、資本所得、財(cái)產(chǎn)所得稅收政策，實(shí)行勞動(dòng)性所得統(tǒng)一征稅。深化稅收征管改革。

The tax structure will be improved to make taxation systems more conducive to high-quality development, social fairness, and the building of a unified market. We will also look into approaches for better adapting these systems to new forms of business. Fully implementing the principle of legality of taxation, we will regulate policies on tax breaks and improve the support mechanisms for key sectors and links. We will refine the system of direct taxes, improve the personal income tax system which is based on both adjusted gross income and specific income types, regulate taxation policies on incomes generated from business operations, capital, and property, and unify tax rates for incomes earned through work. Reform of the tax collection and administration system will be deepened.

建立權(quán)責(zé)清晰、財(cái)力協(xié)調(diào)、區(qū)域均衡的中央和地方財(cái)政關(guān)系。增加地方自主財(cái)力，拓展地方稅源，適當(dāng)擴(kuò)大地方稅收管理權(quán)限。完善財(cái)政轉(zhuǎn)移支付體系，清理規(guī)范專項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移支付，增加一般性轉(zhuǎn)移支付，提升市縣財(cái)力同事權(quán)相匹配程度。建立促進(jìn)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展轉(zhuǎn)移支付激勵(lì)約束機(jī)制。推進(jìn)消費(fèi)稅征收環(huán)節(jié)后移并穩(wěn)步下劃地方，完善增值稅留抵退稅政策和抵扣鏈條，優(yōu)化共享稅分享比例。研究把城市維護(hù)建設(shè)稅、教育費(fèi)附加、地方教育附加合并為地方附加稅，授權(quán)地方在一定幅度內(nèi)確定具體適用稅率。合理擴(kuò)大地方政府專項(xiàng)債券支持范圍，適當(dāng)擴(kuò)大用作資本金的領(lǐng)域、規(guī)模、比例。完善政府債務(wù)管理制度，建立全口徑地方債務(wù)監(jiān)測(cè)監(jiān)管體系和防范化解隱性債務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制，加快地方融資平臺(tái)改革轉(zhuǎn)型。規(guī)范非稅收入管理，適當(dāng)下沉部分非稅收入管理權(quán)限，由地方結(jié)合實(shí)際差別化管理。

We will establish a fiscal relationship between the central and local governments that features well-defined powers and responsibilities and the appropriate allocation of resources, with an optimum balance between regions. To place more fiscal resources at the disposal of local governments, we will expand the sources of tax revenue at the local level and grant greater authority for tax management to local governments as appropriate. To improve the system of transfer payments, we will overhaul special transfer payments and increase the scale of general transfer payments. These will help ensure that the fiscal resources of prefecture- and county-level governments are commensurate with their powers. We will establish incentive and constraint mechanisms through transfer payments to promote high-quality development. We will take steps to move excise tax collection further down the production-to-consumption chain, with the power of collection steadily being passed to local governments. We will improve the value-added tax credit refund policy and free up the channels for making tax deductions. The ratio for taxes shared between the central and local governments will be optimized. We will look into rolling the urban maintenance and construction tax, education surcharges, and local education surcharges into one single local surtax. Local governments will have the authority to set the rate for this tax within a predetermined range. We will appropriately expand the scope of use for funds raised from the sale of local government special-purpose bonds, permitting a greater share of such funds to be used as capital in more sectors and on a larger scale. The systems for managing government debt will be improved. We will establish a system for monitoring and regulating all local government debt as well as long-term mechanisms for preventing and defusing hidden debt risks. We will move faster to reform and transform local government financing platforms. In regulating the management of non-tax revenue, we will delegate, as appropriate, some management authority to local governments and allow them to tailor their practices to local conditions.

適當(dāng)加強(qiáng)中央事權(quán)、提高中央財(cái)政支出比例。中央財(cái)政事權(quán)原則上通過(guò)中央本級(jí)安排支出，減少委托地方代行的中央財(cái)政事權(quán)。不得違規(guī)要求地方安排配套資金，確需委托地方行使事權(quán)的，通過(guò)專項(xiàng)轉(zhuǎn)移支付安排資金。

The central government will hold more fiscal powers as appropriate and raise the proportion of central government expenditure accordingly. In principle, the expenditures commensurate with such powers should be allocated from the central government, and such powers to be delegated to local governments should be reduced. No requirements for supporting funds from local governments in violation of regulations shall be made. When it is necessary to delegate fiscal powers to local governments, the relevant funds should be arranged through special transfer payments.

（18）深化金融體制改革。加快完善中央銀行制度，暢通貨幣政策傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制。積極發(fā)展科技金融、綠色金融、普惠金融、養(yǎng)老金融、數(shù)字金融，加強(qiáng)對(duì)重大戰(zhàn)略、重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域、薄弱環(huán)節(jié)的優(yōu)質(zhì)金融服務(wù)。完善金融機(jī)構(gòu)定位和治理，健全服務(wù)實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)的激勵(lì)約束機(jī)制。發(fā)展多元股權(quán)融資，加快多層次債券市場(chǎng)發(fā)展，提高直接融資比重。優(yōu)化國(guó)有金融資本管理體制。

(18) Deepening reform of the financial system

We will move faster to improve the central bank system and the monetary policy transmission mechanism. We will actively develop technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance and work to ensure quality financial services for major strategies, key fields, and weak links. We will refine the role and governance of financial institutions and the incentive and constraint mechanisms for ensuring that they serve the real economy. We will diversify equity financing, step up the development of multilevel bond markets, and increase the proportion of direct financing. We will optimize the state-owned financial capital management system.

健全投資和融資相協(xié)調(diào)的資本市場(chǎng)功能，防風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、強(qiáng)監(jiān)管，促進(jìn)資本市場(chǎng)健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。支持長(zhǎng)期資金入市。提高上市公司質(zhì)量，強(qiáng)化上市公司監(jiān)管和退市制度。建立增強(qiáng)資本市場(chǎng)內(nèi)在穩(wěn)定性長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制。完善大股東、實(shí)際控制人行為規(guī)范約束機(jī)制。完善上市公司分紅激勵(lì)約束機(jī)制。健全投資者保護(hù)機(jī)制。推動(dòng)區(qū)域性股權(quán)市場(chǎng)規(guī)則對(duì)接、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)統(tǒng)一。

We will improve the functions of the capital market to give balanced weight to investment and financing. We will prevent risks and tighten regulation to promote the sound and stable development of the capital market. We will facilitate the entry of long-term capital into the market. We will improve the overall quality of listed companies, strengthen relevant regulation and delisting systems, and establish long-term mechanisms to enhance the underlying stability of the capital market. We will improve the mechanisms for regulating and constraining the behaviors of major shareholders and actual controllers. We will optimize dividend incentive and constraint mechanisms for listed companies and improve the mechanisms for protecting investors. We will encourage regional equity markets to align their rules and implement unified standards.

制定金融法。完善金融監(jiān)管體系，依法將所有金融活動(dòng)納入監(jiān)管，強(qiáng)化監(jiān)管責(zé)任和問(wèn)責(zé)制度，加強(qiáng)中央和地方監(jiān)管協(xié)同。建設(shè)安全高效的金融基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，統(tǒng)一金融市場(chǎng)登記托管、結(jié)算清算規(guī)則制度，建立風(fēng)險(xiǎn)早期糾正硬約束制度，筑牢有效防控系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的金融穩(wěn)定保障體系。健全金融消費(fèi)者保護(hù)和打擊非法金融活動(dòng)機(jī)制，構(gòu)建產(chǎn)業(yè)資本和金融資本“防火墻”。推動(dòng)金融高水平開(kāi)放，穩(wěn)慎扎實(shí)推進(jìn)人民幣國(guó)際化，發(fā)展人民幣離岸市場(chǎng)。穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)數(shù)字人民幣研發(fā)和應(yīng)用。加快建設(shè)上海國(guó)際金融中心。

A financial law will be formulated. We will improve the financial regulatory system to ensure that all financial activities are placed under regulation in accordance with the law, strengthen regulatory responsibility and accountability systems, and improve regulatory coordination between the central and local levels. We will build secure and efficient financial infrastructure, unify the rules and systems for registration, custody, settlement, and liquidation for the financial market, establish binding constraints for defusing risks at an early stage, and build a robust system to effectively fend off and control systemic risks and ensure financial stability. We will improve the mechanisms for protecting financial consumers and cracking down on illegal financial activities and establish a firewall for industrial and financial capital. We will promote high-standard opening up of the financial sector, steadily and prudently advance the internationalization of the RMB, and develop offshore RMB markets. We will make steady progress in the R&D and application of digital RMB and move faster to build Shanghai into an international financial center.

完善準(zhǔn)入前國(guó)民待遇加負(fù)面清單管理模式，支持符合條件的外資機(jī)構(gòu)參與金融業(yè)務(wù)試點(diǎn)。穩(wěn)慎拓展金融市場(chǎng)互聯(lián)互通，優(yōu)化合格境外投資者制度。推進(jìn)自主可控的跨境支付體系建設(shè)，強(qiáng)化開(kāi)放條件下金融安全機(jī)制。建立統(tǒng)一的全口徑外債監(jiān)管體系。積極參與國(guó)際金融治理。

We will improve the management model based on pre-establishment national treatment plus a negative list and support qualified foreign capital institutions in participating in our financial service trials. We will expand the connectivity between domestic and overseas financial markets in a steady and prudent way and improve the qualified foreign institutional investor system. We will push forward the development of a homegrown, controllable cross-border payment system and strengthen financial security mechanisms as we open our doors wider to the outside world. We will establish a system for the unified monitoring and oversight of all foreign debt. We will actively participate in international financial governance.

（19）完善實(shí)施區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略機(jī)制。構(gòu)建優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)的區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)布局和國(guó)土空間體系。健全推動(dòng)西部大開(kāi)發(fā)形成新格局、東北全面振興取得新突破、中部地區(qū)加快崛起、東部地區(qū)加快推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化的制度和政策體系。推動(dòng)京津冀、長(zhǎng)三角、粵港澳大灣區(qū)等地區(qū)更好發(fā)揮高質(zhì)量發(fā)展動(dòng)力源作用，優(yōu)化長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶發(fā)展、黃河流域生態(tài)保護(hù)和高質(zhì)量發(fā)展機(jī)制。高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高質(zhì)量推進(jìn)雄安新區(qū)建設(shè)。推動(dòng)成渝地區(qū)雙城經(jīng)濟(jì)圈建設(shè)走深走實(shí)。健全主體功能區(qū)制度體系，強(qiáng)化國(guó)土空間優(yōu)化發(fā)展保障機(jī)制。完善區(qū)域一體化發(fā)展機(jī)制，構(gòu)建跨行政區(qū)合作發(fā)展新機(jī)制，深化東中西部產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)作。完善促進(jìn)海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展體制機(jī)制。

(19) Improving mechanisms for implementing the coordinated regional development strategy

We will develop a regional economic layout and a territorial space system characterized by complementarity between different regions and territorial spaces. We will improve the institutional and policy frameworks for opening up a new vista in the large-scale development of the western region, achieving new breakthroughs in the full revitalization of the Northeast, accelerating the rise of the central region, and encouraging the eastern region to modernize more quickly. We will enable regions like the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to better play their roles as engines of high-quality development and improve the mechanisms for the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt and the ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin. We will move forward with the high-standard and high-quality development of the Xiong’an New Area. We will push for solid progress in developing the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone. We will improve the system of institutions for functional zoning and strengthen mechanisms to support optimal development of territorial spaces. We will improve integrated regional development mechanisms, build new mechanisms for cooperative development across administrative divisions, and deepen industrial collaboration between the eastern, central, and western regions. The institutions and mechanisms for promoting the development of the marine economy will be enhanced.

六、完善城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展體制機(jī)制

VI. Promoting Integrated Urban-Rural Development

城鄉(xiāng)融合發(fā)展是中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化的必然要求。必須統(tǒng)籌新型工業(yè)化、新型城鎮(zhèn)化和鄉(xiāng)村全面振興，全面提高城鄉(xiāng)規(guī)劃、建設(shè)、治理融合水平，促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)要素平等交換、雙向流動(dòng)，縮小城鄉(xiāng)差別，促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)共同繁榮發(fā)展。

Integrated urban and rural development is essential to Chinese modernization. We must pursue coordinated progress in new industrialization, new urbanization, and all-around rural revitalization, facilitate greater urban-rural integration in planning, development, and governance across the board, and promote equal exchanges and two-way flows of production factors between urban and rural areas, so as to narrow the disparities between the two and promote their shared prosperity and development.

（20）健全推進(jìn)新型城鎮(zhèn)化體制機(jī)制。構(gòu)建產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)、人口集聚、城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展良性互動(dòng)機(jī)制。推行由常住地登記戶口提供基本公共服務(wù)制度，推動(dòng)符合條件的農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口社會(huì)保險(xiǎn)、住房保障、隨遷子女義務(wù)教育等享有同遷入地戶籍人口同等權(quán)利，加快農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口市民化。保障進(jìn)城落戶農(nóng)民合法土地權(quán)益，依法維護(hù)進(jìn)城落戶農(nóng)民的土地承包權(quán)、宅基地使用權(quán)、集體收益分配權(quán)，探索建立自愿有償退出的辦法。

(20) Improving the institutions and mechanisms for advancing new urbanization

We will put in place mechanisms to foster positive interactions between the processes of industrial upgrading, population concentration, and urban development. We will implement the systems for allowing people to obtain household registration and access basic public services in their place of permanent residence. We will push to see that eligible people who have moved to cities from rural areas enjoy the same rights as registered local residents with regard to social insurance, housing support, and access to compulsory education for their children living with them. The process of granting permanent urban residency to these people will also be accelerated. We will protect the lawful land rights and interests of former rural residents who now hold permanent urban residency, protect, in accordance with the law, their rights to contract rural land, to use their rural residential land, and to share in the proceeds from rural collective undertakings, and explore avenues to facilitate voluntary, paid transfers of these rights.

堅(jiān)持人民城市人民建、人民城市為人民。健全城市規(guī)劃體系，引導(dǎo)大中小城市和小城鎮(zhèn)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展、集約緊湊布局。深化城市建設(shè)、運(yùn)營(yíng)、治理體制改革，加快轉(zhuǎn)變城市發(fā)展方式。推動(dòng)形成超大特大城市智慧高效治理新體系，建立都市圈同城化發(fā)展體制機(jī)制。深化賦予特大鎮(zhèn)同人口和經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)模相適應(yīng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)管理權(quán)改革。建立可持續(xù)的城市更新模式和政策法規(guī)，加強(qiáng)地下綜合管廊建設(shè)和老舊管線改造升級(jí)，深化城市安全韌性提升行動(dòng)。

We will continue to follow the principle that cities should be built by the people and for the people. We will improve urban planning to see that cities of different sizes and small towns develop in coordination with each other to form efficient and closely knit layouts. We will deepen reform of the urban development, operation, and governance systems and step up efforts to change the development models of cities. We will work to create new systems for smart and efficient governance in super-large and mega cities and establish institutions and mechanisms for the highly-integrated development of cities in metropolitan areas. We will deepen reforms to grant super-large towns economic and social management rights that are commensurate with their populations and economic sizes. We will develop sustainable urban renewal models, along with relevant policies and regulations, and strengthen the building of underground utility tunnels and the upgrading of old pipelines. These efforts will help make our cities safer and more resilient.

（21）鞏固和完善農(nóng)村基本經(jīng)營(yíng)制度。有序推進(jìn)第二輪土地承包到期后再延長(zhǎng)三十年試點(diǎn)，深化承包地所有權(quán)、承包權(quán)、經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)分置改革，發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)適度規(guī)模經(jīng)營(yíng)。完善農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)體系，完善承包地經(jīng)營(yíng)權(quán)流轉(zhuǎn)價(jià)格形成機(jī)制，促進(jìn)農(nóng)民合作經(jīng)營(yíng)，推動(dòng)新型農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體扶持政策同帶動(dòng)農(nóng)戶增收掛鉤。健全便捷高效的農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)化服務(wù)體系。發(fā)展新型農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟(jì)，構(gòu)建產(chǎn)權(quán)明晰、分配合理的運(yùn)行機(jī)制，賦予農(nóng)民更加充分的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)益。

(21) Consolidating and improving the basic rural operation system

We will move forward with well-organized trials to extend rural land contracts by another 30 years upon the expiration of the second-round contracts, deepen the reform to separate the ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights of contracted land, and develop appropriately scaled agricultural operations. We will improve the framework for agricultural operations and refine the pricing mechanism for the transfer of contracted land management rights. We will encourage farmers to engage in cooperative operations and see that our policies for supporting new types of agribusiness serve to increase rural incomes. We will develop a system of convenient and efficient commercial agricultural services. We will develop new types of rural collective economies, establish related operating mechanisms featuring clearly defined property rights and rational income distribution, and ensure that farmers enjoy more adequate property rights and interests.

（22）完善強(qiáng)農(nóng)惠農(nóng)富農(nóng)支持制度。堅(jiān)持農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村優(yōu)先發(fā)展，完善鄉(xiāng)村振興投入機(jī)制。壯大縣域富民產(chǎn)業(yè)，構(gòu)建多元化食物供給體系，培育鄉(xiāng)村新產(chǎn)業(yè)新業(yè)態(tài)。優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼政策體系，發(fā)展多層次農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)。完善覆蓋農(nóng)村人口的常態(tài)化防止返貧致貧機(jī)制，建立農(nóng)村低收入人口和欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)分層分類幫扶制度。健全脫貧攻堅(jiān)國(guó)家投入形成資產(chǎn)的長(zhǎng)效管理機(jī)制。運(yùn)用“千萬(wàn)工程”經(jīng)驗(yàn)，健全推動(dòng)鄉(xiāng)村全面振興長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制。

(22) Improving supporting systems to strengthen agriculture, benefit farmers, and enrich rural areas

Continuing to prioritize agricultural and rural development, we will improve the investment mechanisms for rural revitalization. We will work to expand county industries that benefit local people, build a diversified food supply system, and foster new industries and new forms of business in rural areas. We will optimize the system of agricultural subsidy policies and develop multi-tiered agricultural insurance schemes. We will refine the regular mechanisms for preventing rural residents from lapsing or relapsing into poverty and establish a system of multi-tiered and categorized support for low-income rural residents and underdeveloped areas. We will improve the long-term mechanisms for managing assets formed with government inputs in the process of poverty alleviation. Applying the experience gained from the Green Rural Revival Program in Zhejiang Province, we will refine the long-term mechanisms for promoting all-around rural revitalization.

加快健全種糧農(nóng)民收益保障機(jī)制，推動(dòng)糧食等重要農(nóng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格保持在合理水平。統(tǒng)籌建立糧食產(chǎn)銷區(qū)省際橫向利益補(bǔ)償機(jī)制，在主產(chǎn)區(qū)利益補(bǔ)償上邁出實(shí)質(zhì)步伐。統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)糧食購(gòu)銷和儲(chǔ)備管理體制機(jī)制改革，建立監(jiān)管新模式。健全糧食和食物節(jié)約長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制。

We will work faster to improve the mechanisms for ensuring the incomes of grain growers and see that the prices of grain and other major agricultural products remain at a reasonable level. We will coordinate efforts to establish an inter-provincial mechanism for major grain-purchasing areas to compensate major grain-producing areas so as to make substantive headway in incentivizing the latter. We will make coordinated progress in reforming the institutions and mechanisms related to the purchase and sale of grain and the management of grain reserves and develop new regulatory models in this regard. The long-term mechanisms for conserving grain and other types of food will be improved.

（23）深化土地制度改革。改革完善耕地占補(bǔ)平衡制度，各類耕地占用納入統(tǒng)一管理，完善補(bǔ)充耕地質(zhì)量驗(yàn)收機(jī)制，確保達(dá)到平衡標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。完善高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)農(nóng)田建設(shè)、驗(yàn)收、管護(hù)機(jī)制。健全保障耕地用于種植基本農(nóng)作物管理體系。允許農(nóng)戶合法擁有的住房通過(guò)出租、入股、合作等方式盤活利用。有序推進(jìn)農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)營(yíng)性建設(shè)用地入市改革，健全土地增值收益分配機(jī)制。

(23) Deepening reform of the land system

We will reform and refine the system for offsetting cultivated land that has been put to other uses, manage all types of arable land occupation in a unified manner, and improve the acceptance inspection mechanism to make sure that newly-added arable land is of an equivalent quantity and quality. We will improve the mechanisms for developing, verifying, managing, and protecting high-standard cropland. We will refine the management system for ensuring that arable land is used for planting basic crops. We will allow rural households to put houses under their legal ownership to good use by leasing them out, contributing them in the form of shares, and engaging in cooperative ventures. We will promote orderly reforms for market-based transfers of rural collective land designated for business construction and improve the mechanisms for distributing returns realized from the appreciation of land.

優(yōu)化土地管理，健全同宏觀政策和區(qū)域發(fā)展高效銜接的土地管理制度，優(yōu)先保障主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)、重大項(xiàng)目合理用地，使優(yōu)勢(shì)地區(qū)有更大發(fā)展空間。建立新增城鎮(zhèn)建設(shè)用地指標(biāo)配置同常住人口增加協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制。探索國(guó)家集中墾造耕地定向用于特定項(xiàng)目和地區(qū)落實(shí)占補(bǔ)平衡機(jī)制。優(yōu)化城市工商業(yè)土地利用，加快發(fā)展建設(shè)用地二級(jí)市場(chǎng)，推動(dòng)土地混合開(kāi)發(fā)利用、用途合理轉(zhuǎn)換，盤活存量土地和低效用地。開(kāi)展各類產(chǎn)業(yè)園區(qū)用地專項(xiàng)治理。制定工商業(yè)用地使用權(quán)延期和到期后續(xù)期政策。

We will optimize land management, refining relevant systems so that they are efficiently aligned with macro policies and regional development needs. We will give priority to the reasonable land needs of leading industries and major projects, with a view to creating greater development space for regions with competitive edge. We will establish a coordination mechanism to link increases in urban construction land quotas for cities with the growth of their permanent residents. We will explore mechanisms for using contiguous land that has been reclaimed and upgraded by the government to offset arable land being used by specific projects and regions. We will optimize land use for urban industry and commerce and accelerate the development of the secondary market for construction land. We will promote mixed land development and use and allow for changes in land use purposes when appropriate, ensuring that idle and inefficiently used land can be put to better use. Targeted steps will be taken to address land use problems in various types of industrial parks. Policies will be formulated for extending land use rights for industrial and commercial purposes and for renewing them upon expiration.

七、完善高水平對(duì)外開(kāi)放體制機(jī)制

VII. Pursuing High-Standard Opening Up

開(kāi)放是中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化的鮮明標(biāo)識(shí)。必須堅(jiān)持對(duì)外開(kāi)放基本國(guó)策，堅(jiān)持以開(kāi)放促改革，依托我國(guó)超大規(guī)模市場(chǎng)優(yōu)勢(shì)，在擴(kuò)大國(guó)際合作中提升開(kāi)放能力，建設(shè)更高水平開(kāi)放型經(jīng)濟(jì)新體制。

Opening up is a defining feature of Chinese modernization. We must remain committed to the basic state policy of opening to the outside world and continue to promote reform through opening up. Leveraging the strengths of China’s enormous market, we will enhance our capacity for opening up while expanding international cooperation and develop new institutions for a higher-standard open economy.

（24）穩(wěn)步擴(kuò)大制度型開(kāi)放。主動(dòng)對(duì)接國(guó)際高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)經(jīng)貿(mào)規(guī)則，在產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)、產(chǎn)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼、環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、勞動(dòng)保護(hù)、政府采購(gòu)、電子商務(wù)、金融領(lǐng)域等實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)則、規(guī)制、管理、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相通相容，打造透明穩(wěn)定可預(yù)期的制度環(huán)境。擴(kuò)大自主開(kāi)放，有序擴(kuò)大我國(guó)商品市場(chǎng)、服務(wù)市場(chǎng)、資本市場(chǎng)、勞務(wù)市場(chǎng)等對(duì)外開(kāi)放，擴(kuò)大對(duì)最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家單邊開(kāi)放。深化援外體制機(jī)制改革，實(shí)現(xiàn)全鏈條管理。

(24) Steadily expanding institutional opening up

We will promote alignment with high-standard international economic and trade rules and harmonize rules, regulations, management, and standards relating to property rights protection, industrial subsidies, environmental standards, labor protection, government procurement, e-commerce, the financial sector, and other areas, in an effort to create an institutional environment that is transparent, stable, and predictable. We will seize the initiative by opening China’s commodity, services, capital, and labor markets wider to the outside world in an orderly manner and unilaterally opening our doors wider to the world’s least developed countries. We will further reform institutions and mechanisms for foreign aid to realize full-chain management.

維護(hù)以世界貿(mào)易組織為核心的多邊貿(mào)易體制，積極參與全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理體系改革，提供更多全球公共產(chǎn)品。擴(kuò)大面向全球的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)自由貿(mào)易區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，建立同國(guó)際通行規(guī)則銜接的合規(guī)機(jī)制，優(yōu)化開(kāi)放合作環(huán)境。

We will safeguard the WTO-centered multilateral trading system, actively participate in the reform of global economic governance, and provide more global public goods. We will expand our globally-oriented network of high-standard free trade areas, establish compliance mechanisms that are aligned with prevailing international rules, and optimize the environment for opening up and cooperation.

（25）深化外貿(mào)體制改革。強(qiáng)化貿(mào)易政策和財(cái)稅、金融、產(chǎn)業(yè)政策協(xié)同，打造貿(mào)易強(qiáng)國(guó)制度支撐和政策支持體系，加快內(nèi)外貿(mào)一體化改革，積極應(yīng)對(duì)貿(mào)易數(shù)字化、綠色化趨勢(shì)。推進(jìn)通關(guān)、稅務(wù)、外匯等監(jiān)管創(chuàng)新，營(yíng)造有利于新業(yè)態(tài)新模式發(fā)展的制度環(huán)境。創(chuàng)新發(fā)展數(shù)字貿(mào)易，推進(jìn)跨境電商綜合試驗(yàn)區(qū)建設(shè)。建設(shè)大宗商品交易中心，建設(shè)全球集散分撥中心，支持各類主體有序布局海外流通設(shè)施，支持有條件的地區(qū)建設(shè)國(guó)際物流樞紐中心和大宗商品資源配置樞紐。健全貿(mào)易風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防控機(jī)制，完善出口管制體系和貿(mào)易救濟(jì)制度。

(25) Deepening the foreign trade structural reform

We will better coordinate trade policies with fiscal, tax, financial, and industrial policies, create a set of systems and policies to support efforts to build China into a strong trading nation, step up reforms to integrate domestic and foreign trade, and actively respond to the trends of digital and green trade. We will develop new regulatory approaches for customs clearance, taxation, and foreign exchange and foster an institutional environment that is conducive to the development of new models and forms of trade. We will develop digital trade in an innovative manner and promote the development of integrated pilot zones for cross-border e-commerce. We will build commodity trading centers and global distribution centers, support various types of entities in developing logistics facilities overseas in a well-ordered way, and facilitate the development of international logistics hubs, as well as hubs for the distribution of commodities and resources, in areas where conditions allow. The mechanisms for preventing and controlling trade risks will be improved, and our export control framework and trade remedy system will be refined.

創(chuàng)新提升服務(wù)貿(mào)易，全面實(shí)施跨境服務(wù)貿(mào)易負(fù)面清單，推進(jìn)服務(wù)業(yè)擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放綜合試點(diǎn)示范，鼓勵(lì)專業(yè)服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)提升國(guó)際化服務(wù)能力。加快推進(jìn)離岸貿(mào)易發(fā)展，發(fā)展新型離岸國(guó)際貿(mào)易業(yè)務(wù)。建立健全跨境金融服務(wù)體系，豐富金融產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)供給。

We will adopt innovative measures to boost trade in services and fully apply the negative list for cross-border trade in services. We will promote comprehensive trials and demonstrations for expanding opening up of the service sector and encourage specialized service organizations to enhance their capacity for providing international services. We will work faster to promote offshore trade and develop new types of transactions in offshore international trade. We will set up sound systems for cross-border financial services and diversify the supply of financial products and services.

（26）深化外商投資和對(duì)外投資管理體制改革。營(yíng)造市場(chǎng)化、法治化、國(guó)際化一流營(yíng)商環(huán)境，依法保護(hù)外商投資權(quán)益。擴(kuò)大鼓勵(lì)外商投資產(chǎn)業(yè)目錄，合理縮減外資準(zhǔn)入負(fù)面清單，落實(shí)全面取消制造業(yè)領(lǐng)域外資準(zhǔn)入限制措施，推動(dòng)電信、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、教育、文化、醫(yī)療等領(lǐng)域有序擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放。深化外商投資促進(jìn)體制機(jī)制改革，保障外資企業(yè)在要素獲取、資質(zhì)許可、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定、政府采購(gòu)等方面的國(guó)民待遇，支持參與產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上下游配套協(xié)作。完善境外人員入境居住、醫(yī)療、支付等生活便利制度。完善促進(jìn)和保障對(duì)外投資體制機(jī)制，健全對(duì)外投資管理服務(wù)體系，推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈供應(yīng)鏈國(guó)際合作。

(26) Further reforming the management systems for inward and outward investment

We will foster a first-rate business environment that is market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized and protect the rights and interests of foreign investors in accordance with the law. We will expand the catalog of encouraged industries for foreign investment, appropriately shorten the negative list for foreign investment, remove all market access restrictions in the manufacturing sector, and promote wider opening with regard to telecommunications, the internet, education, culture, medical services, and other sectors in a well-conceived way. We will further reform the institutions and mechanisms for promoting foreign investment, ensure national treatment for foreign-funded enterprises in terms of access to factors of production, license application, standards setting, and government procurement, and support them in collaborating with upstream and downstream enterprises in industrial chains. We will improve relevant measures to make it more convenient for people from outside the mainland to live, receive medical services, and make payments on the mainland. We will refine the institutions and mechanisms for promoting and protecting Chinese investment abroad, improve the management and service systems for outward investment, and facilitate international cooperation in industrial and supply chains.

（27）優(yōu)化區(qū)域開(kāi)放布局。鞏固?hào)|部沿海地區(qū)開(kāi)放先導(dǎo)地位，提高中西部和東北地區(qū)開(kāi)放水平，加快形成陸海內(nèi)外聯(lián)動(dòng)、東西雙向互濟(jì)的全面開(kāi)放格局。發(fā)揮沿海、沿邊、沿江和交通干線等優(yōu)勢(shì)，優(yōu)化區(qū)域開(kāi)放功能分工，打造形態(tài)多樣的開(kāi)放高地。實(shí)施自由貿(mào)易試驗(yàn)區(qū)提升戰(zhàn)略，鼓勵(lì)首創(chuàng)性、集成式探索。加快建設(shè)海南自由貿(mào)易港。

(27) Optimizing the layout for regional opening up

We will consolidate the leading role of eastern coastal areas in our opening up endeavors, promote further opening up in the central, western, and northeastern regions, and move faster toward all-around opening up through links running eastward and westward, across land, and over sea. To leverage the strengths of areas along the coasts, borders, rivers, and major transportation routes, we will optimize the division of functions for opening up among different regions in order to develop a diverse array of pacesetters for opening up. We will implement the strategy for upgrading pilot free trade zones and encourage these zones to engage in pioneering and integrated explorations. The development of the Hainan Free Trade Port will be accelerated.

發(fā)揮“一國(guó)兩制”制度優(yōu)勢(shì)，鞏固提升香港國(guó)際金融、航運(yùn)、貿(mào)易中心地位，支持香港、澳門打造國(guó)際高端人才集聚高地，健全香港、澳門在國(guó)家對(duì)外開(kāi)放中更好發(fā)揮作用機(jī)制。深化粵港澳大灣區(qū)合作，強(qiáng)化規(guī)則銜接、機(jī)制對(duì)接。完善促進(jìn)兩岸經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流合作制度和政策，深化兩岸融合發(fā)展。

Harnessing the institutional strengths of the One Country, Two Systems policy, we will work to consolidate and enhance Hong Kong’s status as an international financial, shipping, and trade center, support Hong Kong and Macao in building themselves into international hubs for high-caliber talent, and improve relevant mechanisms to see the two regions playing a greater role in China’s opening to the outside world. We will encourage cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao in the Greater Bay Area by promoting closer alignment of rules and mechanisms. We will improve relevant institutions and policies to promote economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation across the Taiwan Strait and advance integrated cross-Strait development.

（28）完善推進(jìn)高質(zhì)量共建“一帶一路”機(jī)制。繼續(xù)實(shí)施“一帶一路”科技創(chuàng)新行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，加強(qiáng)綠色發(fā)展、數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)、人工智能、能源、稅收、金融、減災(zāi)等領(lǐng)域的多邊合作平臺(tái)建設(shè)。完善陸海天網(wǎng)一體化布局，構(gòu)建“一帶一路”立體互聯(lián)互通網(wǎng)絡(luò)。統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)重大標(biāo)志性工程和“小而美”民生項(xiàng)目。

(28) Improving the mechanisms for high-quality cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative

We will continue to implement the Belt and Road Science, Technology, and Innovation Cooperation Action Plan and redouble efforts to develop multilateral platforms for cooperation in green development, the digital economy, artificial intelligence, energy, taxation, finance, disaster mitigation, and other areas. We will work to improve the integrated framework for land, sea, air, and cyberspace connectivity and build a multidimensional network to connect countries along the Belt and Road. We will make coordinated efforts to advance both major signature projects and “small but beautiful” public welfare projects.

八、健全全過(guò)程人民民主制度體系

VIII. Advancing Whole-Process People’s Democracy

發(fā)展全過(guò)程人民民主是中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化的本質(zhì)要求。必須堅(jiān)定不移走中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義政治發(fā)展道路，堅(jiān)持和完善我國(guó)根本政治制度、基本政治制度、重要政治制度，豐富各層級(jí)民主形式，把人民當(dāng)家作主具體、現(xiàn)實(shí)體現(xiàn)到國(guó)家政治生活和社會(huì)生活各方面。

Developing whole-process people’s democracy is integral to Chinese modernization. We must firmly stay on the path of socialist political advancement with Chinese characteristics and uphold and improve our country’s foundational, basic, and important political systems. We will develop diverse forms of democracy at all levels and ensure that the principle of the people running the country is manifested in concrete and visible ways in all aspects of China’s political and social activities.

（29）加強(qiáng)人民當(dāng)家作主制度建設(shè)。堅(jiān)持好、完善好、運(yùn)行好人民代表大會(huì)制度。健全人大對(duì)行政機(jī)關(guān)、監(jiān)察機(jī)關(guān)、審判機(jī)關(guān)、檢察機(jī)關(guān)監(jiān)督制度，完善監(jiān)督法及其實(shí)施機(jī)制，強(qiáng)化人大預(yù)算決算審查監(jiān)督和國(guó)有資產(chǎn)管理、政府債務(wù)管理監(jiān)督。健全人大議事規(guī)則和論證、評(píng)估、評(píng)議、聽(tīng)證制度。豐富人大代表聯(lián)系人民群眾的內(nèi)容和形式。健全吸納民意、匯集民智工作機(jī)制。發(fā)揮工會(huì)、共青團(tuán)、婦聯(lián)等群團(tuán)組織聯(lián)系服務(wù)群眾的橋梁紐帶作用。

(29) Strengthening the institutions through which the people run the country

We must uphold, improve, and implement the system of people’s congresses to good effect. We will improve the systems under which the people’s congresses conduct oversight of the administrative, supervisory, adjudicatory, and procuratorial organs, refine the Law on the Oversight by the Standing Committees of People’s Congresses at All Levels and the mechanisms for its implementation, and strengthen the examination and oversight of government budgets and final accounts by people’s congresses as well as their oversight of state-owned asset and government debt management. We will improve the rules of procedure for people’s congresses and their debate, assessment, discussion, and hearing systems. We will see that deputies to people’s congresses reach out to the public on a greater variety of issues and in more diverse ways and enhance the working mechanisms for drawing on public opinion and pooling the wisdom of the people. The roles of people’s organizations, such as trade unions, Chinese Communist Youth League organizations, and women’s federations, will be brought into play in connecting with and serving the people.

（30）健全協(xié)商民主機(jī)制。發(fā)揮人民政協(xié)作為專門協(xié)商機(jī)構(gòu)作用，健全深度協(xié)商互動(dòng)、意見(jiàn)充分表達(dá)、廣泛凝聚共識(shí)的機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)人民政協(xié)反映社情民意、聯(lián)系群眾、服務(wù)人民機(jī)制建設(shè)。完善人民政協(xié)民主監(jiān)督機(jī)制。

(30) Improving the mechanisms for consultative democracy

We will give play to the role of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) as a specialized consultative body. We will refine the mechanisms that enable in-depth consultations and interactions, the full expression of opinions, and the formation of broad consensus. We will strengthen the mechanisms through which the CPPCC reports on social conditions and public opinions, stays in contact with the people, and provides them with services. Moves will also be made to refine the mechanisms that facilitate democratic oversight by the CPPCC.

完善協(xié)商民主體系，豐富協(xié)商方式，健全政黨協(xié)商、人大協(xié)商、政府協(xié)商、政協(xié)協(xié)商、人民團(tuán)體協(xié)商、基層協(xié)商以及社會(huì)組織協(xié)商制度化平臺(tái)，加強(qiáng)各種協(xié)商渠道協(xié)同配合。健全協(xié)商于決策之前和決策實(shí)施之中的落實(shí)機(jī)制，完善協(xié)商成果采納、落實(shí)、反饋機(jī)制。

The system of consultative democracy will be improved, with the introduction of more diverse forms of consultation. We will enhance the institutional platforms through which consultations are carried out by political parties, people’s congresses, government departments, CPPCC committees, people’s organizations, communities, and social organizations, and strengthen coordination between the various channels of consultation. We will improve the mechanisms for conducting consultations prior to decision making and during the implementation of decisions. Improvements will also be made to the mechanisms for adopting, implementing, and providing feedback on the consultation outcomes.

（31）健全基層民主制度。健全基層黨組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的基層群眾自治機(jī)制，完善基層民主制度體系和工作體系，拓寬基層各類組織和群眾有序參與基層治理渠道。完善辦事公開(kāi)制度。健全以職工代表大會(huì)為基本形式的企事業(yè)單位民主管理制度，完善企業(yè)職工參與管理的有效形式。

(31) Enhancing democracy at the primary level

We will improve the mechanisms for conducting community-level self-governance under the leadership of Party organizations at the primary level. We will refine the institutional and working systems for primary-level democracy and create more channels to allow for the well-ordered participation of various primary-level organizations and local people in the governance of their communities. We will enhance the institutions for keeping the public informed. We will improve the democratic management systems in enterprises and public institutions, which generally take the form of workers’ congresses. In addition, more effective ways will be developed to ensure that enterprise employees can participate in management.

（32）完善大統(tǒng)戰(zhàn)工作格局。完善發(fā)揮統(tǒng)一戰(zhàn)線凝聚人心、匯聚力量政治作用的政策舉措。堅(jiān)持好、發(fā)展好、完善好中國(guó)新型政黨制度。更好發(fā)揮黨外人士作用，健全黨外代表人士隊(duì)伍建設(shè)制度。制定民族團(tuán)結(jié)進(jìn)步促進(jìn)法，健全鑄牢中華民族共同體意識(shí)制度機(jī)制，增強(qiáng)中華民族凝聚力。系統(tǒng)推進(jìn)我國(guó)宗教中國(guó)化，加強(qiáng)宗教事務(wù)治理法治化。完善黨外知識(shí)分子和新的社會(huì)階層人士政治引領(lǐng)機(jī)制。全面構(gòu)建親清政商關(guān)系，健全促進(jìn)非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)健康發(fā)展、非公有制經(jīng)濟(jì)人士健康成長(zhǎng)工作機(jī)制。完善港澳臺(tái)和僑務(wù)工作機(jī)制。

(32) Building a broad united front

We will improve the policies and measures for facilitating the united front’s political role in rallying the support of the people and pooling their strength. We will uphold, develop, and improve China’s new type of political party system. We will see that people from outside the Party can better play their roles and improve the systems for building up the ranks of non-CPC representatives. A law on promoting ethnic solidarity and progress will be formulated, and we will take steps to improve the institutions and mechanisms for forging a strong sense of community for the Chinese nation so as to further strengthen our national cohesion. We will make systematic efforts to ensure that religions in China are Chinese in orientation and establish a more solid legal footing for the governance of religious affairs. We will improve the mechanisms for providing political guidance to non-CPC intellectuals and people from emerging social groups. We will continue working to cultivate a cordial and clean relationship between government and business across the board and improve the working mechanisms for facilitating the healthy development of the non-public sector and those working in it. We will refine the mechanisms for work related to Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and overseas Chinese affairs.

九、完善中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義法治體系

IX. Promoting Socialist Rule of Law with Chinese Characteristics

法治是中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化的重要保障。必須全面貫徹實(shí)施憲法，維護(hù)憲法權(quán)威，協(xié)同推進(jìn)立法、執(zhí)法、司法、守法各環(huán)節(jié)改革，健全法律面前人人平等保障機(jī)制，弘揚(yáng)社會(huì)主義法治精神，維護(hù)社會(huì)公平正義，全面推進(jìn)國(guó)家各方面工作法治化。

The rule of law provides an important guarantee for Chinese modernization. We must ensure full implementation of the Constitution and uphold its authority, coordinate the reforms to promote sound legislation, law enforcement, administration of justice, and observance of the law, and improve the mechanisms for ensuring that all are equal before the law, so as to promote socialist rule of law, uphold social fairness and justice, and see that all work of the state is carried out under the rule of law.

（33）深化立法領(lǐng)域改革。完善以憲法為核心的中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義法律體系，健全保證憲法全面實(shí)施制度體系，建立憲法實(shí)施情況報(bào)告制度。完善黨委領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、人大主導(dǎo)、政府依托、各方參與的立法工作格局。統(tǒng)籌立改廢釋纂，加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域、新興領(lǐng)域、涉外領(lǐng)域立法，完善合憲性審查、備案審查制度，提高立法質(zhì)量。探索區(qū)域協(xié)同立法。健全黨內(nèi)法規(guī)同國(guó)家法律法規(guī)銜接協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制。建設(shè)全國(guó)統(tǒng)一的法律法規(guī)和規(guī)范性文件信息平臺(tái)。

(33) Deepening reforms in legislation

The socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics centered on the Constitution will be improved. We will refine the systems for ensuring full implementation of the Constitution and establish a system for reporting on its implementation. We will improve the legislative framework under which Party committees exercise leadership, people’s congresses play a principal role, government departments provide support, and various sectors of society get involved. We will make sure that steps to enact, revise, abolish, interpret, and codify laws are well-coordinated and work to bolster legislation in key, emerging, and foreign-related areas. We will improve both the constitutional review system and the record and review system for normative documents. These efforts will ensure that the quality of legislation further improves. We will explore cross-regional collaboration on legislation. We will improve mechanisms for aligning and coordinating Party rules and regulations with state laws and regulations. A unified national information platform for laws, regulations, and other normative documents will be created.

（34）深入推進(jìn)依法行政。推進(jìn)政府機(jī)構(gòu)、職能、權(quán)限、程序、責(zé)任法定化，促進(jìn)政務(wù)服務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、規(guī)范化、便利化，完善覆蓋全國(guó)的一體化在線政務(wù)服務(wù)平臺(tái)。完善重大決策、規(guī)范性文件合法性審查機(jī)制。加強(qiáng)政府立法審查。深化行政執(zhí)法體制改革，完善基層綜合執(zhí)法體制機(jī)制，健全行政執(zhí)法監(jiān)督體制機(jī)制。完善行政處罰等領(lǐng)域行政裁量權(quán)基準(zhǔn)制度，推動(dòng)行政執(zhí)法標(biāo)準(zhǔn)跨區(qū)域銜接。完善行政處罰和刑事處罰雙向銜接制度。健全行政復(fù)議體制機(jī)制。完善行政裁決制度。完善垂直管理體制和地方分級(jí)管理體制，健全垂直管理機(jī)構(gòu)和地方協(xié)作配合機(jī)制。穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)人口小縣機(jī)構(gòu)優(yōu)化。深化開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)管理制度改革。優(yōu)化事業(yè)單位結(jié)構(gòu)布局，強(qiáng)化公益性。

(34) Advancing law-based government administration

We will keep working to establish a sound legal footing for government institutions, functions, powers, procedures, and responsibilities. We will make government services more standardized, procedure-based, and accessible and improve the integrated national online platform for government services. We will improve the legality review mechanism for major decisions and normative documents and conduct a more thorough review of the legislative work of the government. We will push forward with structural reforms regarding administrative law enforcement, improving institutions and mechanisms for coordinated law enforcement at the community level and for conducting oversight over enforcement. We will refine the system of standards on administrative discretion for matters such as administrative penalties and work to align the administrative law enforcement standards of different regions. Improvements will be made to the system for coordinating administrative and criminal penalties, the institutions and mechanisms for administrative reconsideration, and the administrative adjudication system. We will refine both the vertical management system and the tiered management system at the local level to promote closer coordination and collaboration between institutions under vertical management and local governments. Prudent steps will be taken to optimize the institutions in counties with small populations. We will further reform the management system in development zones. We will improve the structure and layout of public institutions to ensure that they better serve the public interest.

（35）健全公正執(zhí)法司法體制機(jī)制。健全監(jiān)察機(jī)關(guān)、公安機(jī)關(guān)、檢察機(jī)關(guān)、審判機(jī)關(guān)、司法行政機(jī)關(guān)各司其職，監(jiān)察權(quán)、偵查權(quán)、檢察權(quán)、審判權(quán)、執(zhí)行權(quán)相互配合、相互制約的體制機(jī)制，確保執(zhí)法司法各環(huán)節(jié)全過(guò)程在有效制約監(jiān)督下運(yùn)行。深化審判權(quán)和執(zhí)行權(quán)分離改革，健全國(guó)家執(zhí)行體制，強(qiáng)化當(dāng)事人、檢察機(jī)關(guān)和社會(huì)公眾對(duì)執(zhí)行活動(dòng)的全程監(jiān)督。完善執(zhí)法司法救濟(jì)保護(hù)制度，完善國(guó)家賠償制度。深化和規(guī)范司法公開(kāi)，落實(shí)和完善司法責(zé)任制。規(guī)范專門法院設(shè)置。深化行政案件級(jí)別管轄、集中管轄、異地管轄改革。構(gòu)建協(xié)同高效的警務(wù)體制機(jī)制，推進(jìn)地方公安機(jī)關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)編制管理改革，繼續(xù)推進(jìn)民航公安機(jī)關(guān)和海關(guān)緝私部門管理體制改革。規(guī)范警務(wù)輔助人員管理制度。

(35) Improving the institutions and mechanisms for impartial law enforcement and administration of justice

We will refine the institutions and mechanisms for ensuring that supervisory organs, public security organs, procuratorates, courts, and administrative departments for justice all fulfill their respective functions and that powers of supervision, investigation, procuratorate, adjudication, and enforcement complement and constrain each other. This will ensure that law enforcement and judicial activities are subject to effective checks and oversight at every link and stage in the process. We will deepen the reforms to separate adjudicatory and enforcement powers, improve the national system for law enforcement, and see that the parties concerned, the procuratorates, and the public exercise oversight throughout the process of enforcement activities. We will improve the system for providing legal remedies and protection during the course of law enforcement and judicial activities as well as the system for granting state compensation. We will increase the transparency of judicial work and improve relevant procedures. We will also enforce and enhance judicial accountability. The establishment of special courts will be regulated. We will further the reforms related to the jurisdiction of administrative cases where jurisdiction is defined by subject matter, exercised in a centralized manner, or established in another region. We will develop institutions and mechanisms for coordinated, efficient policing, advance the reform of staffing management in public security organs at the local level, and continue to reform the management systems in the civil aviation public security organs and the anti-smuggling departments of customs authorities. We will standardize the management of police auxiliaries.

堅(jiān)持正確人權(quán)觀，加強(qiáng)人權(quán)執(zhí)法司法保障，完善事前審查、事中監(jiān)督、事后糾正等工作機(jī)制，完善涉及公民人身權(quán)利強(qiáng)制措施以及查封、扣押、凍結(jié)等強(qiáng)制措施的制度，依法查處利用職權(quán)徇私枉法、非法拘禁、刑訊逼供等犯罪行為。推進(jìn)刑事案件律師辯護(hù)全覆蓋。建立輕微犯罪記錄封存制度。

Adhering to the correct outlook on human rights, we will provide more effective human rights protection through law enforcement and administration of justice. We will improve the working mechanisms for ex ante review, ongoing oversight, and ex post redress and refine the system for coercive measures that concern the personal rights of citizens as well as the sealing, sequestering, and freezing of assets. We will investigate and prosecute, in accordance with the law, the abuse of power to bend the law for personal gain, illegal detention, the use of torture to extort confessions, and other similar offences. We will see that lawyer defense is provided in all criminal cases and introduce a system to seal records for minor offences.

（36）完善推進(jìn)法治社會(huì)建設(shè)機(jī)制。健全覆蓋城鄉(xiāng)的公共法律服務(wù)體系，深化律師制度、公證體制、仲裁制度、調(diào)解制度、司法鑒定管理體制改革。改進(jìn)法治宣傳教育，完善以實(shí)踐為導(dǎo)向的法學(xué)院校教育培養(yǎng)機(jī)制。加強(qiáng)和改進(jìn)未成年人權(quán)益保護(hù)，強(qiáng)化未成年人犯罪預(yù)防和治理，制定專門矯治教育規(guī)定。

(36) Improving the mechanisms for building a law-based society

We will improve the public legal services system covering both urban and rural populations and further reform the systems related to lawyers, notarization, arbitration, mediation, and forensic evidence management. We will adopt more effective methods to raise public awareness of the rule of law and refine the practice-oriented approach to law school education. We will better protect the rights and interests of minors, step up efforts to prevent and control juvenile delinquency, and formulate special regulations on correction and education.

（37）加強(qiáng)涉外法治建設(shè)。建立一體推進(jìn)涉外立法、執(zhí)法、司法、守法和法律服務(wù)、法治人才培養(yǎng)的工作機(jī)制。完善涉外法律法規(guī)體系和法治實(shí)施體系，深化執(zhí)法司法國(guó)際合作。完善涉外民事法律關(guān)系中當(dāng)事人依法約定管轄、選擇適用域外法等司法審判制度。健全國(guó)際商事仲裁和調(diào)解制度，培育國(guó)際一流仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)、律師事務(wù)所。積極參與國(guó)際規(guī)則制定。

(37) Strengthening the rule of law in foreign-related affairs

We will establish mechanisms for taking a holistic approach to promoting legislation, law enforcement, administration of justice, observance of the law, legal services, and the training of legal professionals for foreign-related affairs. We will improve the system of foreign-related laws and regulations and the systems for enforcing the rule of law and work to deepen international cooperation in law enforcement and administration of justice. We will refine the judicial system that allows the parties in foreign-related civil lawsuits to lawfully enter into jurisdictional agreements and choose applicable extraterritorial laws. We will improve the arbitration and mediation system for international commercial disputes and cultivate world-class arbitration organizations and law firms. We will actively participate in the formulation of international rules.

十、深化文化體制機(jī)制改革

X. Deepening Reform in the Cultural Sector

中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化是物質(zhì)文明和精神文明相協(xié)調(diào)的現(xiàn)代化。必須增強(qiáng)文化自信，發(fā)展社會(huì)主義先進(jìn)文化，弘揚(yáng)革命文化，傳承中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化，加快適應(yīng)信息技術(shù)迅猛發(fā)展新形勢(shì)，培育形成規(guī)模宏大的優(yōu)秀文化人才隊(duì)伍，激發(fā)全民族文化創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)造活力。

Chinese modernization is the modernization of material and cultural-ethical advancement. We must boost our cultural confidence and work to develop advanced socialist culture, promote revolutionary culture, and carry forward fine traditional Chinese culture. We must move faster to stay abreast of new dramatic developments in information technology, cultivate a vast pool of talented personnel in the field of culture, and ignite the cultural creativity of the entire nation.

（38）完善意識(shí)形態(tài)工作責(zé)任制。健全用黨的創(chuàng)新理論武裝全黨、教育人民、指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐工作體系，完善黨委（黨組）理論學(xué)習(xí)中心組學(xué)習(xí)制度，完善思想政治工作體系。創(chuàng)新馬克思主義理論研究和建設(shè)工程，實(shí)施哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)創(chuàng)新工程，構(gòu)建中國(guó)哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)自主知識(shí)體系。完善新聞發(fā)言人制度。構(gòu)建適應(yīng)全媒體生產(chǎn)傳播工作機(jī)制和評(píng)價(jià)體系，推進(jìn)主流媒體系統(tǒng)性變革。完善輿論引導(dǎo)機(jī)制和輿情應(yīng)對(duì)協(xié)同機(jī)制。

(38) Improving the responsibility system for ideological work

We will refine the working systems for arming all Party members, educating the people, and guiding our practice with the Party’s new theories. We will improve the system under which the theoretical study groups of Party committees (leading Party members groups) hold regular study sessions, as well as the system for theoretical and political work. We will develop new approaches in the project to study and develop Marxist theory and promote innovation in philosophy and social sciences with a view to building a Chinese intellectual system in this field. We will improve the spokesperson system, develop content production and communication mechanisms as well as assessment systems for all forms of media, and promote a systemic transformation in mainstream media. We will improve the mechanisms for guiding public opinion and coordinating responses to public opinion incidents.

推動(dòng)理想信念教育常態(tài)化制度化。完善培育和踐行社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值觀制度機(jī)制。改進(jìn)創(chuàng)新文明培育、文明實(shí)踐、文明創(chuàng)建工作機(jī)制。實(shí)施文明鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)建設(shè)工程。優(yōu)化英模人物宣傳學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)制，創(chuàng)新愛(ài)國(guó)主義教育和各類群眾性主題活動(dòng)組織機(jī)制，推動(dòng)全社會(huì)崇尚英雄、緬懷先烈、爭(zhēng)做先鋒。構(gòu)建中華傳統(tǒng)美德傳承體系，健全社會(huì)公德、職業(yè)道德、家庭美德、個(gè)人品德建設(shè)體制機(jī)制，健全誠(chéng)信建設(shè)長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制，教育引導(dǎo)全社會(huì)自覺(jué)遵守法律、遵循公序良俗，堅(jiān)決反對(duì)拜金主義、享樂(lè)主義、極端個(gè)人主義和歷史虛無(wú)主義。形成網(wǎng)上思想道德教育分眾化、精準(zhǔn)化實(shí)施機(jī)制。建立健全道德領(lǐng)域突出問(wèn)題協(xié)同治理機(jī)制，完善“掃黃打非”長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制。

Activities to foster ideals and convictions will be carried out on a regular and institutionalized basis. We will enhance the systems and mechanisms for cultivating and practicing the core socialist values. We will improve and innovate working mechanisms for raising awareness, applying principles, and developing initiatives aimed at promoting cultural-ethical progress. We will launch projects to enhance social etiquette and civility in rural areas. We will refine the mechanisms for publicizing heroes and role models and encouraging people to learn from them and work to develop new mechanisms for promoting patriotism and organizing themed public activities, in an effort to create a social atmosphere in which people look up to heroes, pay tribute to martyrs, and strive to become pioneers. We will establish a system for carrying forward traditional Chinese virtues and improve the institutions and mechanisms for cultivating social morality, work ethics, family values, and personal integrity. We will refine the long-term mechanisms for promoting integrity and credibility and provide public education and guidance so that all members of society readily abide by the law and respect public order and moral standards. We will take firm steps to oppose money worship, hedonism, egocentricity, and historical nihilism. We will develop mechanisms to provide online theoretical and ethical education in a differentiated and targeted manner. We will establish better mechanisms for addressing serious ethical problems in a coordinated way and improve the long-term mechanisms for combating pornography and illegal publications.

（39）優(yōu)化文化服務(wù)和文化產(chǎn)品供給機(jī)制。完善公共文化服務(wù)體系，建立優(yōu)質(zhì)文化資源直達(dá)基層機(jī)制，健全社會(huì)力量參與公共文化服務(wù)機(jī)制，推進(jìn)公共文化設(shè)施所有權(quán)和使用權(quán)分置改革。深化文化領(lǐng)域國(guó)資國(guó)企改革，分類推進(jìn)文化事業(yè)單位深化內(nèi)部改革，完善文藝院團(tuán)建設(shè)發(fā)展機(jī)制。

(39) Refining the mechanisms for supplying cultural services and products

We will improve the system of public cultural services, establishing mechanisms for channeling quality cultural resources directly to the community level, improving the mechanisms through which nongovernmental actors participate in the supply of public cultural services, and advancing reforms to separate the ownership and use rights for public cultural facilities. In the cultural sector, we will continue with the reform of state capital and SOEs, deepen the internal reform of public institutions on a categorized basis, and improve the mechanisms for developing theater troupes.

堅(jiān)持以人民為中心的創(chuàng)作導(dǎo)向，堅(jiān)持出成果和出人才相結(jié)合、抓作品和抓環(huán)境相貫通，改進(jìn)文藝創(chuàng)作生產(chǎn)服務(wù)、引導(dǎo)、組織工作機(jī)制。健全文化產(chǎn)業(yè)體系和市場(chǎng)體系，完善文化經(jīng)濟(jì)政策。探索文化和科技融合的有效機(jī)制，加快發(fā)展新型文化業(yè)態(tài)。深化文化領(lǐng)域行政審批備案制度改革，加強(qiáng)事中事后監(jiān)管。深化文娛領(lǐng)域綜合治理。

We will remain committed to people-centered cultural creation and stay focused on both literary and artistic production and talent cultivation, and on both producing fine works and fostering a favorable environment for creation. On this basis, we will improve the working mechanisms for serving, guiding, and organizing literary and artistic creation and production. We will refine the systems for cultural industries and markets as well as economic policies concerning the development of the cultural sector. We will explore effective mechanisms for integrating culture with science and technology and step up our efforts to foster new forms of cultural business. We will further reform the systems for culture-related government review and approval and record keeping so as to strengthen ongoing and ex post oversight. Comprehensive governance of the cultural and recreational industries will be advanced.

建立文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)傳承工作協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)構(gòu)，建立文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)督察制度，推動(dòng)文化遺產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)性保護(hù)和統(tǒng)一監(jiān)管。構(gòu)建中華文明標(biāo)識(shí)體系。健全文化和旅游深度融合發(fā)展體制機(jī)制。完善全民健身公共服務(wù)體系，改革完善競(jìng)技體育管理體制和運(yùn)行機(jī)制。

We will establish coordination agencies for preserving and passing down our cultural heritage and put in place an inspection system for cultural heritage protection to facilitate systematic protection and unified supervision. We will institute a system of the defining symbols of Chinese culture and refine institutions and mechanisms for promoting the full integration of culture and tourism. We will improve the public fitness services system and carry out reforms to refine the management systems and operating mechanisms for competitive sports.

（40）健全網(wǎng)絡(luò)綜合治理體系。深化網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理體制改革，整合網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)容建設(shè)和管理職能，推進(jìn)新聞宣傳和網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿論一體化管理。完善生成式人工智能發(fā)展和管理機(jī)制。加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間法治建設(shè)，健全網(wǎng)絡(luò)生態(tài)治理長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制，健全未成年人網(wǎng)絡(luò)保護(hù)工作體系。

(40) Improving the system for comprehensive cyberspace governance

We will deepen reform of the internet management system, combine the functions of online content development and management, and promote integrated management of media communication and online public opinion. We will improve the mechanisms for developing and managing generative artificial intelligence. We will step up the law-based governance of cyberspace, improve the long-term governance mechanisms for the online environment, and refine the system for protecting minors in cyberspace.

（41）構(gòu)建更有效力的國(guó)際傳播體系。推進(jìn)國(guó)際傳播格局重構(gòu)，深化主流媒體國(guó)際傳播機(jī)制改革創(chuàng)新，加快構(gòu)建多渠道、立體式對(duì)外傳播格局。加快構(gòu)建中國(guó)話語(yǔ)和中國(guó)敘事體系，全面提升國(guó)際傳播效能。建設(shè)全球文明倡議踐行機(jī)制。推動(dòng)走出去、請(qǐng)進(jìn)來(lái)管理便利化，擴(kuò)大國(guó)際人文交流合作。

(41) Establishing a more effective international communication system

We will move ahead with restructuring China’s international communication framework and deepen the reform and innovation of our mainstream media’s international communication mechanisms in a bid to accelerate the development of a multi-channel and multi-dimensional architecture. We will move faster to develop China’s discourse and narrative systems with a view to making our international communication more effective. Mechanisms for promoting the implementation of the Global Civilization Initiative will be established. We will work to facilitate both outbound and inbound visits to promote broader international people-to-people exchanges and cooperation.

十一、健全保障和改善民生制度體系

XI. Ensuring and Improving the People’s Wellbeing

在發(fā)展中保障和改善民生是中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化的重大任務(wù)。必須堅(jiān)持盡力而為、量力而行，完善基本公共服務(wù)制度體系，加強(qiáng)普惠性、基礎(chǔ)性、兜底性民生建設(shè)，解決好人民最關(guān)心最直接最現(xiàn)實(shí)的利益問(wèn)題，不斷滿足人民對(duì)美好生活的向往。

Ensuring and enhancing the people’s wellbeing in the course of development is one of the major tasks of Chinese modernization. In line with the principle of doing everything within our means, we will refine the systems of basic public services, with the focus on providing inclusive services, meeting essential needs, and providing a cushion for those most in need. We will strive to resolve the most practical problems that are of the greatest and most direct concern to the people so as to meet people’s aspirations for a better life.

（42）完善收入分配制度。構(gòu)建初次分配、再分配、第三次分配協(xié)調(diào)配套的制度體系，提高居民收入在國(guó)民收入分配中的比重，提高勞動(dòng)報(bào)酬在初次分配中的比重。完善勞動(dòng)者工資決定、合理增長(zhǎng)、支付保障機(jī)制，健全按要素分配政策制度。完善稅收、社會(huì)保障、轉(zhuǎn)移支付等再分配調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制。支持發(fā)展公益慈善事業(yè)。

(42) Improving the income distribution system

We will build an institutional framework under which primary distribution, redistribution, and tertiary distribution are well coordinated and mutually complementary. We will work to raise the share of personal income in the distribution of national income and give more weight to work remuneration in primary distribution. We will improve the mechanisms for determining wages, ensuring that they are increased at a reasonable rate and that they are paid in full, and refine the policy system for distribution based on factors of production. We will improve the redistribution mechanisms such as taxation, social security, and transfer payments. We will support the development of public interest activities and charities.

規(guī)范收入分配秩序，規(guī)范財(cái)富積累機(jī)制，多渠道增加城鄉(xiāng)居民財(cái)產(chǎn)性收入，形成有效增加低收入群體收入、穩(wěn)步擴(kuò)大中等收入群體規(guī)模、合理調(diào)節(jié)過(guò)高收入的制度體系。深化國(guó)有企業(yè)工資決定機(jī)制改革，合理確定并嚴(yán)格規(guī)范國(guó)有企業(yè)各級(jí)負(fù)責(zé)人薪酬、津貼補(bǔ)貼等。

We will keep income distribution and the means of accumulating wealth well-regulated, open more avenues for urban and rural residents to increase their property incomes, and put in place systems to effectively boost the incomes of low-income earners, steadily expand the size of the middle-income group, and properly regulate excessive incomes. We will further reform the salary-setting mechanism for SOEs and rationally determine and strictly regulate the remuneration standards, allowances, and benefits for SOE executives at all levels.

（43）完善就業(yè)優(yōu)先政策。健全高質(zhì)量充分就業(yè)促進(jìn)機(jī)制，完善就業(yè)公共服務(wù)體系，著力解決結(jié)構(gòu)性就業(yè)矛盾。完善高校畢業(yè)生、農(nóng)民工、退役軍人等重點(diǎn)群體就業(yè)支持體系，健全終身職業(yè)技能培訓(xùn)制度。統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)政策體系，同步推進(jìn)戶籍、用人、檔案等服務(wù)改革，優(yōu)化創(chuàng)業(yè)促進(jìn)就業(yè)政策環(huán)境，支持和規(guī)范發(fā)展新就業(yè)形態(tài)。完善促進(jìn)機(jī)會(huì)公平制度機(jī)制，暢通社會(huì)流動(dòng)渠道。完善勞動(dòng)關(guān)系協(xié)商協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)勞動(dòng)者權(quán)益保障。

(43) Improving the employment-first policy

We will develop sound mechanisms for promoting high-quality and full employment, refine the related public services system, and work hard to tackle structural unemployment. We will improve the system of employment support for key groups such as college graduates, rural migrant workers, and ex-service members and the system of lifelong vocational skills training. We will coordinate urban and rural employment policies, simultaneously advance service reforms related to household registration, human resources, and personnel records, improve the policy environment to boost employment by encouraging business startups, and support and regulate the development of new forms of employment. We will improve the systems and mechanisms for promoting equality of opportunity and see that the channels for social mobility are unimpeded. We will refine the mechanisms for labor relation consultations and mediation and do more to safeguard workers’ rights and interests.

（44）健全社會(huì)保障體系。完善基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)全國(guó)統(tǒng)籌制度，健全全國(guó)統(tǒng)一的社保公共服務(wù)平臺(tái)。健全社保基金保值增值和安全監(jiān)管體系。健全基本養(yǎng)老、基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)籌資和待遇合理調(diào)整機(jī)制，逐步提高城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)基礎(chǔ)養(yǎng)老金。健全靈活就業(yè)人員、農(nóng)民工、新就業(yè)形態(tài)人員社保制度，擴(kuò)大失業(yè)、工傷、生育保險(xiǎn)覆蓋面，全面取消在就業(yè)地參保戶籍限制，完善社保關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)移接續(xù)政策。加快發(fā)展多層次多支柱養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)體系，擴(kuò)大年金制度覆蓋范圍，推行個(gè)人養(yǎng)老金制度。發(fā)揮各類商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)充保障作用。推進(jìn)基本醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)省級(jí)統(tǒng)籌，深化醫(yī)保支付方式改革，完善大病保險(xiǎn)和醫(yī)療救助制度，加強(qiáng)醫(yī)保基金監(jiān)管。健全社會(huì)救助體系。健全保障婦女兒童合法權(quán)益制度。完善殘疾人社會(huì)保障制度和關(guān)愛(ài)服務(wù)體系。

(44) Improving the social security system

We will improve the system for unified national management of basic old-age insurance funds and the uni?ed national platform for social insurance public services. We will develop sound systems for ensuring that social security funds are kept safe through supervision and their value is maintained and increased over time. We will refine the mechanisms for financing basic old-age insurance and basic medical insurance and for adjusting the benefits of both as appropriate. Basic pension benefits for rural and non-working urban residents under the basic old-age insurance scheme will be raised gradually. We will build a sound social security system to serve people in flexible employment, rural migrant workers, and those in new forms of employment and expand the coverage of unemployment insurance, workers’ compensation, and childbirth insurance programs. We will see to it that all restrictions preventing people from accessing social security in the places where they work but do not hold permanent residency are lifted and that policies for transferring social security accounts are improved. We will move faster to develop a multi-tiered, multi-pillar old-age insurance system, expand the coverage of the annuity system, and promote the implementation of private pension schemes. We will leverage various commercial insurance schemes as a supplementary support. We will work toward provincial-level unified management of basic medical insurance funds, further reform medical insurance payment models, improve major disease insurance and medical assistance schemes, and tighten oversight over medical insurance funds. We will improve the social assistance system, the system for protecting the lawful rights and interests of women and children, and the social security and service systems for people with disabilities.

加快建立租購(gòu)并舉的住房制度，加快構(gòu)建房地產(chǎn)發(fā)展新模式。加大保障性住房建設(shè)和供給，滿足工薪群體剛性住房需求。支持城鄉(xiāng)居民多樣化改善性住房需求。充分賦予各城市政府房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)調(diào)控自主權(quán)，因城施策，允許有關(guān)城市取消或調(diào)減住房限購(gòu)政策、取消普通住宅和非普通住宅標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。改革房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)融資方式和商品房預(yù)售制度。完善房地產(chǎn)稅收制度。

We will move faster to establish a housing system that supports both housing rentals and purchases and foster a new development model for the real estate sector. We will scale up the building and supply of government-subsidized housing to meet the essential need of salaried people for a home to live in. We will also work to support the diverse needs of urban and rural residents for better housing. Municipal governments will be given greater decision-making powers to regulate the real estate market, and based on local conditions, some cities will be permitted to abolish or reduce restrictions on housing purchases and to scrap relevant standards for ordinary and non-ordinary housing. We will carry out reforms to change the way real estate development is financed and to improve the advance purchase system for commodity housing. Improvements will also be made to the taxation system in the real estate sector.

（45）深化醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革。實(shí)施健康優(yōu)先發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，健全公共衛(wèi)生體系，促進(jìn)社會(huì)共治、醫(yī)防協(xié)同、醫(yī)防融合，強(qiáng)化監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估、流行病學(xué)調(diào)查、檢驗(yàn)檢測(cè)、應(yīng)急處置、醫(yī)療救治等能力。促進(jìn)醫(yī)療、醫(yī)保、醫(yī)藥協(xié)同發(fā)展和治理。促進(jìn)優(yōu)質(zhì)醫(yī)療資源擴(kuò)容下沉和區(qū)域均衡布局，加快建設(shè)分級(jí)診療體系，推進(jìn)緊密型醫(yī)聯(lián)體建設(shè)，強(qiáng)化基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。深化以公益性為導(dǎo)向的公立醫(yī)院改革，建立以醫(yī)療服務(wù)為主導(dǎo)的收費(fèi)機(jī)制，完善薪酬制度，建立編制動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整機(jī)制。引導(dǎo)規(guī)范民營(yíng)醫(yī)院發(fā)展。創(chuàng)新醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生監(jiān)管手段。健全支持創(chuàng)新藥和醫(yī)療器械發(fā)展機(jī)制，完善中醫(yī)藥傳承創(chuàng)新發(fā)展機(jī)制。

(45) Further reforming the medical and healthcare systems

We will implement a health-first strategy. We will improve the public health system, promoting public participation as well as collaboration and integration between hospitals and disease prevention and control institutions and boosting capacities for disease monitoring and early warning, risk assessment, epidemiological investigation, testing and inspection, emergency response, and medical treatment. We will support coordinated development and governance of medical services, medical insurance, and pharmaceuticals. We will do more to increase the availability of quality medical resources and see that such resources are channeled toward the community level and more evenly distributed among regions. We will move faster to develop the tiered diagnosis and treatment system, propel the development of tightly knit medical consortia, and upgrade the services of community-level medical and healthcare institutions. We will deepen the reform of public hospitals to see that they better serve the public interest, establish mechanisms whereby medical expenses are primarily based on medical services, improve the remuneration system, and set up a mechanism for making dynamic staffing adjustments. We will guide and better regulate the development of private hospitals and introduce new approaches in the supervision of medical and healthcare services. We will improve the mechanisms for supporting the development of innovative drugs and medical equipment and for promoting the preservation and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine.

（46）健全人口發(fā)展支持和服務(wù)體系。以應(yīng)對(duì)老齡化、少子化為重點(diǎn)完善人口發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，健全覆蓋全人群、全生命周期的人口服務(wù)體系，促進(jìn)人口高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。完善生育支持政策體系和激勵(lì)機(jī)制，推動(dòng)建設(shè)生育友好型社會(huì)。有效降低生育、養(yǎng)育、教育成本，完善生育休假制度，建立生育補(bǔ)貼制度，提高基本生育和兒童醫(yī)療公共服務(wù)水平，加大個(gè)人所得稅抵扣力度。加強(qiáng)普惠育幼服務(wù)體系建設(shè)，支持用人單位辦托、社區(qū)嵌入式托育、家庭托育點(diǎn)等多種模式發(fā)展。把握人口流動(dòng)客觀規(guī)律，推動(dòng)相關(guān)公共服務(wù)隨人走，促進(jìn)城鄉(xiāng)、區(qū)域人口合理集聚、有序流動(dòng)。

(46) Improving the systems for supporting population development and providing related services

We will improve the population development strategy in response to population aging and the declining birth rate. A sound system will be instituted to provide full life-cycle population services to all in order to promote high-quality population development. We will refine the policy system and incentive mechanisms for boosting the birth rate and strive to build a childbirth-friendly society. We will work to bring down the costs of childbirth, parenting, and education, refine parental leave policies, introduce a system of childbirth subsidies, improve basic public services for childbirth and pediatric medical care, and further raise the childcare-related deduction for personal income tax. We will make greater efforts to develop a public-benefit childcare service system and provide support for employer-run nurseries, community childcare facilities, and home-based childcare. Based on the general patterns underlying population flows, we will see that public services follow the movement of populations and facilitate the reasonable concentration of people in and their orderly flow between urban and rural areas and different regions.

積極應(yīng)對(duì)人口老齡化，完善發(fā)展養(yǎng)老事業(yè)和養(yǎng)老產(chǎn)業(yè)政策機(jī)制。發(fā)展銀發(fā)經(jīng)濟(jì)，創(chuàng)造適合老年人的多樣化、個(gè)性化就業(yè)崗位。按照自愿、彈性原則，穩(wěn)妥有序推進(jìn)漸進(jìn)式延遲法定退休年齡改革。優(yōu)化基本養(yǎng)老服務(wù)供給，培育社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)，健全公辦養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)營(yíng)機(jī)制，鼓勵(lì)和引導(dǎo)企業(yè)等社會(huì)力量積極參與，推進(jìn)互助性養(yǎng)老服務(wù)，促進(jìn)醫(yī)養(yǎng)結(jié)合。加快補(bǔ)齊農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老服務(wù)短板。改善對(duì)孤寡、殘障失能等特殊困難老年人的服務(wù)，加快建立長(zhǎng)期護(hù)理保險(xiǎn)制度。

To actively respond to population aging, we will refine the policies and mechanisms for developing elderly care programs and industries. We will develop the silver economy and support the creation of diverse jobs tailored to elderly people. In line with the principle of voluntary participation with appropriate flexibility, we will advance reform to gradually raise the statutory retirement age in a prudent and orderly manner. To boost the supply of basic elderly care services, we will develop community-based facilities, improve the operation mechanisms for public-run institutions, encourage and guide the participation of enterprises and other non-governmental actors in service provision, and promote mutual-aid elderly care and the integration of medical care and elderly care. We will work faster to shore up weaknesses in rural elderly care services. We will also see to it that better services are provided for elderly people with special difficulties including those who live alone, have disabilities, or suffer from physical impairment, and accelerate the introduction of insurance schemes for long-term care.

十二、深化生態(tài)文明體制改革

XII. Deepening Reform in Ecological Conservation

中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化是人與自然和諧共生的現(xiàn)代化。必須完善生態(tài)文明制度體系，協(xié)同推進(jìn)降碳、減污、擴(kuò)綠、增長(zhǎng)，積極應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化，加快完善落實(shí)綠水青山就是金山銀山理念的體制機(jī)制。

Chinese modernization is the modernization of harmony between humanity and nature. We must work to improve ecological conservation systems and make concerted efforts to cut carbon emissions, reduce pollution, pursue green development, and boost economic growth. We must actively respond to climate change and move faster to improve the institutions and mechanisms for applying the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.

（47）完善生態(tài)文明基礎(chǔ)體制。實(shí)施分區(qū)域、差異化、精準(zhǔn)管控的生態(tài)環(huán)境管理制度，健全生態(tài)環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)和評(píng)價(jià)制度。建立健全覆蓋全域全類型、統(tǒng)一銜接的國(guó)土空間用途管制和規(guī)劃許可制度。健全自然資源資產(chǎn)產(chǎn)權(quán)制度和管理制度體系，完善全民所有自然資源資產(chǎn)所有權(quán)委托代理機(jī)制，建立生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)、自然資源保護(hù)利用和資產(chǎn)保值增值等責(zé)任考核監(jiān)督制度。完善國(guó)家生態(tài)安全工作協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制。編纂生態(tài)環(huán)境法典。

(47) Improving the basic systems for ecological conservation

We will implement region-specific environmental management systems featuring differentiated, targeted regulation and improve the systems for environmental monitoring and assessment. We will establish sound, united, well-aligned systems for regulating the use of territorial space of all types across the country and for approving territorial space plans. To improve the property rights and management systems for natural resource assets, we will refine the mechanism for the delegation of ownership over public-owned natural resource assets and establish systems for assessing and supervising performance in terms of protecting the environment, protecting and utilizing natural resources, and ensuring that natural resource assets hold their value and appreciate. We will improve the coordination mechanism for ensuring national ecological security. An environmental code will be compiled.

（48）健全生態(tài)環(huán)境治理體系。推進(jìn)生態(tài)環(huán)境治理責(zé)任體系、監(jiān)管體系、市場(chǎng)體系、法律法規(guī)政策體系建設(shè)。完善精準(zhǔn)治污、科學(xué)治污、依法治污制度機(jī)制，落實(shí)以排污許可制為核心的固定污染源監(jiān)管制度，建立新污染物協(xié)同治理和環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管控體系，推進(jìn)多污染物協(xié)同減排。深化環(huán)境信息依法披露制度改革，構(gòu)建環(huán)境信用監(jiān)管體系。推動(dòng)重要流域構(gòu)建上下游貫通一體的生態(tài)環(huán)境治理體系。全面推進(jìn)以國(guó)家公園為主體的自然保護(hù)地體系建設(shè)。

(48) Improving environmental governance systems

We will develop responsibility, oversight, and market systems as well as laws, regulations, and policies to improve environmental governance. We will refine the institutions and mechanisms for ensuring that pollution control practices are targeted, grounded in science, and law-based, and implement an oversight system for stationary pollution sources centered on emissions permits. We will establish systems for the coordinated treatment of new pollutants and management of environmental risks and make a coordinated push to reduce the discharge of various pollutants. The reform to advance the law-based disclosure of environmental information will continue, and an environmental credibility oversight system will be put into place. We will develop systems for integrated upstream-downstream environmental governance in major river basins. Comprehensive efforts will be made to develop the national park-based system of protected areas.

落實(shí)生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線管理制度，健全山水林田湖草沙一體化保護(hù)和系統(tǒng)治理機(jī)制，建設(shè)多元化生態(tài)保護(hù)修復(fù)投入機(jī)制。落實(shí)水資源剛性約束制度，全面推行水資源費(fèi)改稅。強(qiáng)化生物多樣性保護(hù)工作協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制。健全海洋資源開(kāi)發(fā)保護(hù)制度。健全生態(tài)產(chǎn)品價(jià)值實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)制。深化自然資源有償使用制度改革。推進(jìn)生態(tài)綜合補(bǔ)償，健全橫向生態(tài)保護(hù)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制，統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償。

We will implement the management system for ecological conservation redlines, improve the mechanisms for integrated protection and systematic governance of mountain, water, forest, farmland, grassland, and desert ecosystems, and develop multiple funding mechanisms for ecosystem protection and restoration. We will enforce the system of mandatory limits on the use of water resources and replace the water resource fee with a tax nationwide. The coordination mechanism for biodiversity protection will be enhanced, and the systems for developing and protecting marine resources will be improved. We will refine the mechanisms for realizing the market value of ecosystem goods and services. We will further reform the system of paid use for natural resources. We will advance comprehensive compensation for ecological conservation, improve the trans-regional compensation mechanism for ecological conservation, and take coordinated steps to promote compensation for environmental damage.

（49）健全綠色低碳發(fā)展機(jī)制。實(shí)施支持綠色低碳發(fā)展的財(cái)稅、金融、投資、價(jià)格政策和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系，發(fā)展綠色低碳產(chǎn)業(yè)，健全綠色消費(fèi)激勵(lì)機(jī)制，促進(jìn)綠色低碳循環(huán)發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)體系建設(shè)。優(yōu)化政府綠色采購(gòu)政策，完善綠色稅制。完善資源總量管理和全面節(jié)約制度，健全廢棄物循環(huán)利用體系。健全煤炭清潔高效利用機(jī)制。加快規(guī)劃建設(shè)新型能源體系，完善新能源消納和調(diào)控政策措施。完善適應(yīng)氣候變化工作體系。建立能耗雙控向碳排放雙控全面轉(zhuǎn)型新機(jī)制。構(gòu)建碳排放統(tǒng)計(jì)核算體系、產(chǎn)品碳標(biāo)識(shí)認(rèn)證制度、產(chǎn)品碳足跡管理體系，健全碳市場(chǎng)交易制度、溫室氣體自愿減排交易制度，積極穩(wěn)妥推進(jìn)碳達(dá)峰碳中和。

(49) Improving the mechanisms for green and low-carbon development

We will implement fiscal, tax, financial, investment, and pricing policies as well as standards to support green and low-carbon development, develop green and low-carbon industries, improve incentive mechanisms for eco-friendly consumer spending, and work toward an economy that facilitates green, low-carbon, and circular development. We will optimize policies on green government procurement and refine the green taxation system. We will improve the systems for total resource consumption control and comprehensive resource conservation, as well as the system for recycling waste and used materials. Mechanisms for ensuring clean and efficient use of coal will be refined. We will accelerate the planning and development of a new type of energy system and improve the policies and measures for promoting the absorption of electricity generated from new energy sources into power grids and for the regulation of such energy. Improvements will be made to the working systems for adapting to climate change. New mechanisms will be put in place to facilitate the transition from controlling the total amount and intensity of energy consumption to controlling the total amount and intensity of carbon emissions. We will establish a carbon emissions statistics and accounting system, a carbon labeling and certification system, as well as a carbon footprint management system. We will also improve the cap-and-trade system for carbon emissions and the trading system for voluntary greenhouse gas emissions reduction. On this basis, we will actively and prudently move toward reaching peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality.

十三、推進(jìn)國(guó)家安全體系和能力現(xiàn)代化

XIII. Modernizing China’s National Security System and Capacity

國(guó)家安全是中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化行穩(wěn)致遠(yuǎn)的重要基礎(chǔ)。必須全面貫徹總體國(guó)家安全觀，完善維護(hù)國(guó)家安全體制機(jī)制，實(shí)現(xiàn)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展和高水平安全良性互動(dòng)，切實(shí)保障國(guó)家長(zhǎng)治久安。

National security provides a pivotal foundation for ensuring steady and sustained progress in Chinese modernization. We must fully apply a holistic approach to national security, improve the institutions and mechanisms for safeguarding national security, and ensure that high-quality development and greater security reinforce each other, so as to safeguard the country’s long-term stability and security.

（50）健全國(guó)家安全體系。強(qiáng)化國(guó)家安全工作協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制，完善國(guó)家安全法治體系、戰(zhàn)略體系、政策體系、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警體系，完善重點(diǎn)領(lǐng)域安全保障體系和重要專項(xiàng)協(xié)調(diào)指揮體系。構(gòu)建聯(lián)動(dòng)高效的國(guó)家安全防護(hù)體系，推進(jìn)國(guó)家安全科技賦能。

(50) Improving the national security system

The mechanisms for coordinating national security work will be strengthened. We will improve the legal, strategy, policy, and risk monitoring and early warning systems for national security, the systems for safeguarding security in key sectors, and the coordination and command systems for major projects. We will create a coordinated and highly effective system for protecting national security and better leverage science and technology to safeguard national security.

（51）完善公共安全治理機(jī)制。健全重大突發(fā)公共事件處置保障體系，完善大安全大應(yīng)急框架下應(yīng)急指揮機(jī)制，強(qiáng)化基層應(yīng)急基礎(chǔ)和力量，提高防災(zāi)減災(zāi)救災(zāi)能力。完善安全生產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)排查整治和責(zé)任倒查機(jī)制。完善食品藥品安全責(zé)任體系。健全生物安全監(jiān)管預(yù)警防控體系。加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全體制建設(shè)，建立人工智能安全監(jiān)管制度。

(51) Improving the public security governance mechanisms

We will improve the response and support system for major public emergencies, refine the emergency response command mechanisms under the overall safety and emergency response framework, bolster response infrastructure and capabilities in local communities, and strengthen capacity for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief. The mechanisms for identifying and addressing workplace safety risks and for conducting retroactive investigations to determine liability will be improved. We will refine the food and drug safety responsibility system, as well as the systems of monitoring, early warning, and risk prevention and control for biosafety and biosecurity. We will strengthen the cybersecurity system and institute oversight systems to ensure the safety of artificial intelligence.

（52）健全社會(huì)治理體系。堅(jiān)持和發(fā)展新時(shí)代“楓橋經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，健全黨組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的自治、法治、德治相結(jié)合的城鄉(xiāng)基層治理體系，完善共建共治共享的社會(huì)治理制度。探索建立全國(guó)統(tǒng)一的人口管理制度。健全社會(huì)工作體制機(jī)制，加強(qiáng)黨建引領(lǐng)基層治理，加強(qiáng)社會(huì)工作者隊(duì)伍建設(shè)，推動(dòng)志愿服務(wù)體系建設(shè)。推進(jìn)信訪工作法治化。提高市域社會(huì)治理能力，強(qiáng)化市民熱線等公共服務(wù)平臺(tái)功能，健全“高效辦成一件事”重點(diǎn)事項(xiàng)清單管理機(jī)制和常態(tài)化推進(jìn)機(jī)制。健全社會(huì)心理服務(wù)體系和危機(jī)干預(yù)機(jī)制。健全發(fā)揮家庭家教家風(fēng)建設(shè)在基層治理中作用的機(jī)制。深化行業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)商會(huì)改革。健全社會(huì)組織管理制度。

(52) Improving the social governance system

We will apply and further develop the Fengqiao model for promoting community-level governance in the new era, enhance the Party organization-led urban and rural community governance system based on self-governance, the rule of law, and the rule of virtue, and improve the social governance system based on collaboration, participation, and benefit sharing. We will explore avenues for establishing a unified national population management system. We will improve the institutions and mechanisms for social work, better guide community-level governance through Party building, strengthen the ranks of social workers, and advance the development of the volunteer service system. We will promote law-based handling of public complaints and proposals. To improve the social governance capacity of cities, steps will be taken to ensure that citizen hotlines and other public service platforms function more effectively. To advance one-stop government services, we will improve the list-based management mechanism for relevant major tasks as well as the mechanism for ensuring ongoing progress. We will improve the system for public psychological and counseling services and crisis intervention mechanisms. We will refine the mechanisms for giving full play to the role of family ties, values, and traditions in community-level social governance. Reform of trade associations and chambers of commerce will be furthered. Improvements will be made to the management system for social organizations.

健全鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)（街道）職責(zé)和權(quán)力、資源相匹配制度，加強(qiáng)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)（街道）服務(wù)管理力量。完善社會(huì)治安整體防控體系，健全掃黑除惡常態(tài)化機(jī)制，依法嚴(yán)懲群眾反映強(qiáng)烈的違法犯罪活動(dòng)。

We will enhance the systems for ensuring that the powers and resources of towns and townships (urban sub-districts) are commensurate with their duties, so that they are better able to provide services and conduct management. We will improve the integrated system for maintaining law and order and the mechanism for combating and rooting out organized crime on an ongoing basis, and we will, in accordance with the law, crack down hard on illegal and criminal activities that cause grave public concern.

（53）完善涉外國(guó)家安全機(jī)制。建立健全周邊安全工作協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制。強(qiáng)化海外利益和投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)預(yù)警、防控、保護(hù)體制機(jī)制，深化安全領(lǐng)域國(guó)際執(zhí)法合作，維護(hù)我國(guó)公民、法人在海外合法權(quán)益。健全反制裁、反干涉、反“長(zhǎng)臂管轄”機(jī)制。健全維護(hù)海洋權(quán)益機(jī)制。完善參與全球安全治理機(jī)制。

(53) Improving the mechanisms for ensuring national security in foreign-related affairs

We will establish sound coordination mechanisms for promoting security in neighboring regions. We will strengthen the institutions and mechanisms for early warning, prevention and control, and protection against risks to China’s interests and investments overseas and deepen international law enforcement cooperation in the realm of security, so as to protect the lawful rights and interests of Chinese citizens and legal entities overseas. Mechanisms for countering foreign sanctions, interference, and long-arm jurisdiction will be strengthened. We will enhance the mechanisms for safeguarding China’s maritime rights and interests, as well as those for China’s participation in global security governance.

十四、持續(xù)深化國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)改革

XIV. Deepening National Defense and Military Reform

國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)現(xiàn)代化是中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化的重要組成部分。必須堅(jiān)持黨對(duì)人民軍隊(duì)的絕對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，深入實(shí)施改革強(qiáng)軍戰(zhàn)略，為如期實(shí)現(xiàn)建軍一百年奮斗目標(biāo)、基本實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)現(xiàn)代化提供有力保障。

National defense and military modernization is an integral part of Chinese modernization. We must maintain the Party’s absolute leadership over the people’s armed forces and fully implement the strategy of strengthening the military through reform, in order to provide a strong guarantee for realizing the centenary goal of the People’s Liberation Army in 2027 and basically modernizing national defense and the armed forces.

（54）完善人民軍隊(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)管理體制機(jī)制。健全貫徹軍委主席負(fù)責(zé)制的制度機(jī)制，深入推進(jìn)政治建軍。優(yōu)化軍委機(jī)關(guān)部門職能配置，健全戰(zhàn)建備統(tǒng)籌推進(jìn)機(jī)制，完善重大決策咨詢?cè)u(píng)估機(jī)制，深化戰(zhàn)略管理創(chuàng)新，完善軍事治理體系。健全依法治軍工作機(jī)制。完善作戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)備、軍事人力資源等領(lǐng)域配套政策制度。深化軍隊(duì)院校改革，推動(dòng)院校內(nèi)涵式發(fā)展。實(shí)施軍隊(duì)企事業(yè)單位調(diào)整改革。

(54) Improving the institutions and mechanisms for leading and managing the people’s armed forces

We will improve the institutions and mechanisms for implementing the system of ultimate responsibility resting with the chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) and continue to enhance political loyalty in the military. We will optimize the functional setup of CMC departments and improve the mechanisms for coordinated advancement of military operations, capacity building, and combat preparedness. We will refine the consultation and evaluation mechanisms for major decisions, develop new approaches to strategic management, and improve the military governance system. We will improve the working mechanisms for running the military in accordance with the law. We will refine the supporting policies and systems for military operations, combat preparedness, military human resources, and other fields. The reform of military academies will be deepened in a bid to fully harness their potential. Military-affiliated enterprises and public institutions will also undergo adjustment and reform.

（55）深化聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)體系改革。完善軍委聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)指揮中心職能，健全重大安全領(lǐng)域指揮功能，建立同中央和國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)協(xié)調(diào)運(yùn)行機(jī)制。優(yōu)化戰(zhàn)區(qū)聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)指揮中心編成，完善任務(wù)部隊(duì)聯(lián)合作戰(zhàn)指揮編組模式。加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息體系建設(shè)運(yùn)用統(tǒng)籌。構(gòu)建新型軍兵種結(jié)構(gòu)布局，加快發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略威懾力量，大力發(fā)展新域新質(zhì)作戰(zhàn)力量，統(tǒng)籌加強(qiáng)傳統(tǒng)作戰(zhàn)力量建設(shè)。優(yōu)化武警部隊(duì)力量編成。

(55) Deepening reform of joint operations systems

We will refine the functions of the CMC command center for joint operations, enhance its command functions in major security fields, and establish mechanisms for facilitating its coordination with central Party and state departments. We will optimize the composition of the command centers for joint theater operations and improve the configuration of commands for joint taskforce operations. We will better coordinate the development and application of the network information system. To develop a new framework of services and arms, we will speed up the development of strategic deterrence forces and strive to develop new-domain forces with new combat capabilities, while making coordinated efforts to strengthen traditional combat forces. The composition of the armed police force will be improved.

（56）深化跨軍地改革。健全一體化國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略體系和能力建設(shè)工作機(jī)制，完善涉軍決策議事協(xié)調(diào)體制機(jī)制。健全國(guó)防建設(shè)軍事需求提報(bào)和軍地對(duì)接機(jī)制，完善國(guó)防動(dòng)員體系。深化國(guó)防科技工業(yè)體制改革，優(yōu)化國(guó)防科技工業(yè)布局，改進(jìn)武器裝備采購(gòu)制度，建立軍品設(shè)計(jì)回報(bào)機(jī)制，構(gòu)建武器裝備現(xiàn)代化管理體系。完善軍地標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作統(tǒng)籌機(jī)制。加強(qiáng)航天、軍貿(mào)等領(lǐng)域建設(shè)和管理統(tǒng)籌。優(yōu)化邊海防領(lǐng)導(dǎo)管理體制機(jī)制，完善黨政軍警民合力治邊機(jī)制。深化民兵制度改革。完善雙擁工作機(jī)制。

(56) Deepening military-civilian reforms

We will improve the working mechanisms for developing integrated national strategies and strategic capabilities and refine the institutions and mechanisms for military-related decision-making, deliberation, and coordination. We will improve the mechanisms for submitting and reporting on defense-related military needs and enhancing military-civilian alignment and refine the national defense mobilization system. Reform of the defense-related science, technology, and industry systems will be deepened to upgrade the layout of these areas. We will refine the system for weaponry and equipment procurement, develop reward mechanisms for designing military products, and modernize our weaponry and equipment management system. We will improve the mechanisms for coordinating standards between the military and civilian sectors. We will better coordinate development and management in aerospace, military trade, and other fields. We will optimize the institutions and mechanisms for leading and managing border and coastal defense and improve mechanisms to enable the Party, the government, the military, the police force, and the people to work together on border governance. Reform of the militia system will be furthered. The mechanisms for strengthening mutual support between civilian sectors and the military will be refined.

十五、提高黨對(duì)進(jìn)一步全面深化改革、推進(jìn)中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平

XV. Improving the Party’s Leadership

黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是進(jìn)一步全面深化改革、推進(jìn)中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化的根本保證。必須深刻領(lǐng)悟“兩個(gè)確立”的決定性意義，增強(qiáng)“四個(gè)意識(shí)”、堅(jiān)定“四個(gè)自信”、做到“兩個(gè)維護(hù)”，保持以黨的自我革命引領(lǐng)社會(huì)革命的高度自覺(jué)，堅(jiān)持用改革精神和嚴(yán)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)管黨治黨，完善黨的自我革命制度規(guī)范體系，不斷推進(jìn)黨的自我凈化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高，確保黨始終成為中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義事業(yè)的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)核心。

Leadership by the Party provides a fundamental guarantee for further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese modernization. We must acquire a deep understanding of the decisive significance of establishing Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must be more conscious of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership. We must stay confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We must uphold Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and uphold the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership.

We must maintain a keen awareness of the need to use the Party’s self-reform to steer social reform and continue to apply both the spirit of reform and rigorous standards in conducting Party self-governance. We will improve the systems and regulations for the Party’s self-reform and continue working to purify, improve, renew, and excel ourselves. All this will enable our Party to remain the strong leadership core in building socialism with Chinese characteristics.

（57）堅(jiān)持黨中央對(duì)進(jìn)一步全面深化改革的集中統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。黨中央領(lǐng)導(dǎo)改革的總體設(shè)計(jì)、統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)、整體推進(jìn)。完善黨中央重大決策部署落實(shí)機(jī)制，確保黨中央令行禁止。各級(jí)黨委（黨組）負(fù)責(zé)落實(shí)黨中央決策部署，謀劃推進(jìn)本地區(qū)本部門改革，鼓勵(lì)結(jié)合實(shí)際開(kāi)拓創(chuàng)新，創(chuàng)造可復(fù)制、可推廣的新鮮經(jīng)驗(yàn)。走好新時(shí)代黨的群眾路線，把社會(huì)期盼、群眾智慧、專家意見(jiàn)、基層經(jīng)驗(yàn)充分吸收到改革設(shè)計(jì)中來(lái)。圍繞解決突出矛盾設(shè)置改革議題，優(yōu)化重點(diǎn)改革方案生成機(jī)制，堅(jiān)持真理、修正錯(cuò)誤，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題、糾正偏差。完善改革激勵(lì)和輿論引導(dǎo)機(jī)制，營(yíng)造良好改革氛圍。

(57) Upholding the Party Central Committee’s centralized, unified leadership over the endeavor to further deepen reform comprehensively

The Party Central Committee exercises leadership over the general design, coordination, and overall advancement of all our reforms. We will refine the mechanisms through which the major decisions and plans of the Central Committee are implemented, in order to ensure full compliance with its orders and prohibitions. Party committees (leading Party members groups) at all levels are responsible for implementing the Central Committee’s decisions and plans, planning and advancing reforms in their regions and departments, encouraging pioneering efforts and innovations based on their own situations, and creating new experience that can be applied elsewhere. Continuing to follow the Party’s mass line in the new era, we will fully incorporate social expectations, the people’s wisdom, the views of experts, and primary-level experience into the design of reforms. We will set reform agendas with a focus on solving prominent problems and improve the mechanisms for drawing up key reform plans. We will uphold truth, correct errors, and discover problems and remedy failings as they arise. We will improve reform incentives and better guide public opinion so as to foster a favorable environment for reform.

（58）深化黨的建設(shè)制度改革。以調(diào)動(dòng)全黨抓改革、促發(fā)展的積極性、主動(dòng)性、創(chuàng)造性為著力點(diǎn)，完善黨的建設(shè)制度機(jī)制。加強(qiáng)黨的創(chuàng)新理論武裝，建立健全以學(xué)鑄魂、以學(xué)增智、以學(xué)正風(fēng)、以學(xué)促干長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制。深化干部人事制度改革，鮮明樹(shù)立選人用人正確導(dǎo)向，大力選拔政治過(guò)硬、敢于擔(dān)當(dāng)、銳意改革、實(shí)績(jī)突出、清正廉潔的干部，著力解決干部亂作為、不作為、不敢為、不善為問(wèn)題。樹(shù)立和踐行正確政績(jī)觀，健全有效防范和糾治政績(jī)觀偏差工作機(jī)制。落實(shí)“三個(gè)區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)”，激勵(lì)干部開(kāi)拓進(jìn)取、干事創(chuàng)業(yè)。推進(jìn)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部能上能下常態(tài)化，加大調(diào)整不適宜擔(dān)任現(xiàn)職干部力度。健全常態(tài)化培訓(xùn)特別是基本培訓(xùn)機(jī)制，強(qiáng)化專業(yè)訓(xùn)練和實(shí)踐鍛煉，全面提高干部現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)能力。完善和落實(shí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部任期制，健全領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子主要負(fù)責(zé)人變動(dòng)交接制度。增強(qiáng)黨組織政治功能和組織功能。探索加強(qiáng)新經(jīng)濟(jì)組織、新社會(huì)組織、新就業(yè)群體黨的建設(shè)有效途徑。完善黨員教育管理、作用發(fā)揮機(jī)制。完善黨內(nèi)法規(guī)，增強(qiáng)黨內(nèi)法規(guī)權(quán)威性和執(zhí)行力。

(58) Deepening institutional reforms related to Party building

With a focus on boosting the whole Party’s drive, initiative, and creativity for reform and development, we will improve the systems and mechanisms for Party building. We will further arm ourselves with the Party’s new theories and set up sound long-term mechanisms for reinforcing commitment, acquiring knowledge, improving conduct, and enhancing performance through learning. We will further reform the management system for officials and personnel and firmly follow the right approach to selecting and appointing officials. Officials who are politically committed, highly responsible, determined to pursue reform, outstanding in performance, and honest and clean, must be selected; and the problem of officials acting arbitrarily or lacking the willingness, courage, or ability to deliver must be addressed. We will see that officials have a correct understanding of what it means to perform well and improve the mechanisms for effectively preventing and correcting any misguided views about achievements. We will apply the “three distinctions” to encourage officials to forge ahead in a pioneering spirit and demonstrate enterprise in their work. We will make an ongoing effort to ensure that officials can be demoted as well as promoted and make a stronger push to replace those who are no longer suitable for their posts. We will improve the mechanisms for providing regular training, and basic training in particular, for officials, give them more professional training opportunities, and temper them through practice, in order to make them fully capable of advancing modernization initiatives. The tenure system for leading officials will be refined and fully applied, and the handover system for the heads of leadership teams will be improved. We will strengthen the political and organizational functions of Party organizations. We will look into effective ways of Party building in new types of economic and social organizations and among groups in new forms of employment. We will improve the mechanisms for guiding and managing Party members and giving full play to their roles. We will also refine Party rules and regulations, increase their authority, and fully enforce them.

（59）深入推進(jìn)黨風(fēng)廉政建設(shè)和反腐敗斗爭(zhēng)。健全政治監(jiān)督具體化、精準(zhǔn)化、常態(tài)化機(jī)制。鍥而不舍落實(shí)中央八項(xiàng)規(guī)定精神，健全防治形式主義、官僚主義制度機(jī)制。持續(xù)精簡(jiǎn)規(guī)范會(huì)議文件和各類創(chuàng)建示范、評(píng)比達(dá)標(biāo)、節(jié)慶展會(huì)論壇活動(dòng)，嚴(yán)格控制面向基層的督查、檢查、考核總量，提高調(diào)研質(zhì)量，下大氣力解決過(guò)頻過(guò)繁問(wèn)題。制定鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)（街道）履行職責(zé)事項(xiàng)清單，健全為基層減負(fù)長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制。建立經(jīng)常性和集中性相結(jié)合的紀(jì)律教育機(jī)制，深化運(yùn)用監(jiān)督執(zhí)紀(jì)“四種形態(tài)”，綜合發(fā)揮黨的紀(jì)律教育約束、保障激勵(lì)作用。

(59) Intensifying efforts to improve conduct, build integrity, and combat corruption

Mechanisms for conducting concrete, targeted, and regular political oversight will be improved. We will steadfastly implement the central Party leadership’s eight-point decision on improving conduct and refine our systems and mechanisms for preventing and tackling pointless formalities and bureaucratism. We will continue to streamline and standardize meetings and documents, as well as all types of demonstration initiatives, evaluations, standards inspections, festival celebrations, expositions and exhibitions, and forums; strictly control the total number of community-level inspections, examinations, and evaluations; and raise the quality of research and studies. Great effort will be made to address the excessive frequency of all these activities. We will formulate lists of duties for towns and townships (urban sub-districts) and refine the long-term mechanisms for reducing their burdens. We will set up mechanisms for carrying out regular and intensive education on Party discipline and better exercise four forms of oversight over discipline compliance, thus ensuring we make full use of Party discipline as a guide, restraint, guarantee, and incentive.

完善一體推進(jìn)不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐工作機(jī)制，著力鏟除腐敗滋生的土壤和條件。健全不正之風(fēng)和腐敗問(wèn)題同查同治機(jī)制，深化整治權(quán)力集中、資金密集、資源富集領(lǐng)域腐敗，嚴(yán)肅查處政商勾連破壞政治生態(tài)和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展環(huán)境問(wèn)題，完善對(duì)重點(diǎn)行賄人的聯(lián)合懲戒機(jī)制，豐富防治新型腐敗和隱性腐敗的有效辦法。加強(qiáng)誣告行為治理。健全追逃防逃追贓機(jī)制。加強(qiáng)新時(shí)代廉潔文化建設(shè)。

We will improve the mechanisms for coordinating efforts to ensure that officials do not have the audacity, opportunity, or desire to be corrupt and work hard to eradicate the breeding grounds and conditions for corruption. We will improve the mechanisms for investigating and addressing instances of both misconduct and corruption, intensify efforts to uproot corruption in sectors with a high concentration of power, funds, and resources, and strictly investigate and deal with any collusion between government officials and businesspeople that undermines the political ecosystem and economic development. We will refine the mechanisms for taking joint punitive actions against major bribe givers and adopt more measures to effectively prevent and control new and disguised forms of corruption. We will take stronger steps to handle false accusations. We will improve the mechanisms for pursuing fugitives, preventing escape, and retrieving stolen assets. We will see that a culture of integrity prevails in the new era.

完善黨和國(guó)家監(jiān)督體系。強(qiáng)化全面從嚴(yán)治黨主體責(zé)任和監(jiān)督責(zé)任。健全加強(qiáng)對(duì)“一把手”和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子監(jiān)督配套制度。完善權(quán)力配置和運(yùn)行制約機(jī)制，反對(duì)特權(quán)思想和特權(quán)現(xiàn)象。推進(jìn)執(zhí)紀(jì)執(zhí)法和刑事司法有機(jī)銜接。健全巡視巡察工作體制機(jī)制。優(yōu)化監(jiān)督檢查和審查調(diào)查機(jī)構(gòu)職能，完善垂直管理單位紀(jì)檢監(jiān)察體制，推進(jìn)向中管企業(yè)全面派駐紀(jì)檢監(jiān)察組。深化基層監(jiān)督體制機(jī)制改革。推進(jìn)反腐敗國(guó)家立法，修改監(jiān)察法，出臺(tái)反跨境腐敗法。

Party and state oversight systems will be improved. We will ensure that principal and oversight responsibilities for full and rigorous Party self-governance are assumed. We will improve the supporting systems for more effective oversight of leadership teams and their heads. We will improve the mechanisms for applying checks over the allocation and exercise of power and oppose privilege-seeking mindsets and behavior. We will work to coordinate discipline and law enforcement with the administration of criminal justice. We will improve the working institutions and mechanisms for discipline inspection. We will optimize the functions of oversight, inspection, review, and investigation agencies, improve the discipline inspection and supervision systems for departments under vertical management, and work to see that discipline inspection and supervision teams are dispatched to all central government-administered enterprises. Institutional reforms for primary-level oversight will be deepened. Steps will be taken to advance national anti-corruption legislation, revise the Supervision Law, and formulate a law on countering transnational corruption.

（60）以釘釘子精神抓好改革落實(shí)。對(duì)黨中央進(jìn)一步全面深化改革的決策部署，全黨必須求真務(wù)實(shí)抓落實(shí)、敢作善為抓落實(shí)，堅(jiān)持上下協(xié)同、條塊結(jié)合，科學(xué)制定改革任務(wù)書(shū)、時(shí)間表、優(yōu)先序，明確各項(xiàng)改革實(shí)施主體和責(zé)任，把重大改革落實(shí)情況納入監(jiān)督檢查和巡視巡察內(nèi)容，以實(shí)績(jī)實(shí)效和人民群眾滿意度檢驗(yàn)改革。

(60) Ensuring the implementation of reforms with relentless perseverance

The whole Party must take pragmatic, resolute, and effective steps to ensure implementation of the Party Central Committee’s decisions and plans on further deepening reform comprehensively. We need to work in concert from top to bottom across all departments and regions to set the tasks, timelines, and priorities for reform in a well-conceived way, and designate competent departments for implementing each reform initiative and clearly define their responsibilities. The implementation of major reforms will be subject to oversight and inspection, and the litmus test of reform will lie in how well it performs, what it delivers, and how much satisfaction it brings our people.

中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化是走和平發(fā)展道路的現(xiàn)代化。對(duì)外工作必須堅(jiān)定奉行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策，推動(dòng)構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，踐行全人類共同價(jià)值，落實(shí)全球發(fā)展倡議、全球安全倡議、全球文明倡議，倡導(dǎo)平等有序的世界多極化、普惠包容的經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化，深化外事工作機(jī)制改革，參與引領(lǐng)全球治理體系改革和建設(shè)，堅(jiān)定維護(hù)國(guó)家主權(quán)、安全、發(fā)展利益，為進(jìn)一步全面深化改革、推進(jìn)中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化營(yíng)造良好外部環(huán)境。

Chinese modernization is the modernization of peaceful development. In diplomatic work, China remains firm in pursuing an independent foreign policy of peace and is dedicated to promoting a human community with a shared future. We will stay committed to the common values of all humanity, pursue the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative, and call for an equal and orderly multipolar world and universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization. We will deepen institutional reforms related to the work of foreign affairs and get involved in leading the reform and development of the global governance system. We will resolutely safeguard China’s sovereignty, security, and development interests and foster a favorable external environment for further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese modernization.

全黨全軍全國(guó)各族人民要更加緊密地團(tuán)結(jié)在以習(xí)近平同志為核心的黨中央周圍，高舉改革開(kāi)放旗幟，凝心聚力、奮發(fā)進(jìn)取，為全面建成社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國(guó)、實(shí)現(xiàn)第二個(gè)百年奮斗目標(biāo)，以中國(guó)式現(xiàn)代化全面推進(jìn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興而努力奮斗。

Let the whole Party, the entire military, and Chinese people of all ethnic groups rally more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. Let us hold high the banner of reform and opening up, pool all wisdom and strength, and forge ahead with enterprise. Let us work hard toward the Second Centenary Goal of building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects and strive to advance the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through Chinese modernization.